All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) is a 1978 International Maritime Organization treaty setting minimum standards for seafarer training, certification, and watchkeeping.
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
ICERD (International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, also CERD) is the 1965 UN treaty defining racial discrimination, requiring its elimination, supervised by the CERD Committee with 182 parties.
International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
A 1971 treaty adopted in Brussels that created an intergovernmental fund, financed by cargo receivers, to pay oil pollution compensation beyond the shipowner's liability under the 1969 Civil Liability Convention.
International Coral Reef Initiative
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), founded 1994 by eight governments, is an informal global partnership preserving coral reefs; over 100 members, Saudi Arabia (SHAMS) chairs 2025–2027, announced fourth global bleaching event.
International Cosmic Ray Conference
The International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) is a biennial physics conference organized by IUPAP's Commission C4 since 1947, where researchers present results in cosmic ray and astroparticle physics.
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES, CIEM): intergovernmental marine science organization founded 1902, Copenhagen-based, providing fisheries and ecosystem advice mainly for the North Atlantic under its 1964 convention.
International Council of Museums
The International Council of Museums (ICOM) is the global membership organization of museums and museum professionals, founded after World War II, known for its Museum Definition, Code of Ethics, and Red Lists against illicit trafficking.
International Council on Clean Transportation
The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) is an independent nonprofit founded in 2001 in Bellagio, Italy, whose 2015 emissions testing research triggered the Volkswagen Dieselgate scandal.
International Council on Mining and Metals
The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) is an international organization of mining and metals companies whose members must implement its Mining Principles for responsible mining.
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice, the UN's principal judicial organ in The Hague, settles legal disputes between States and issues advisory opinions; 15 judges, English and French official languages, consent-based jurisdiction, successor to the 1921 PCIJ.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), a 1966 UN treaty in force since 1976 with 175 parties, guarantees civil and political rights and is monitored by the 18-member Human Rights Committee.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), one of the two 1966 human rights Covenants, guarantees work, social security, health, education, and cultural rights; 173 states parties, monitored by the CESCR.
International cricket
International cricket: national teams playing Test, ODI, and T20I formats under ICC rules. First Test 1877, first ODI 1971, 12 Test-playing members, World Test Championship since 2019, South Africa reigning champion.
International Cricket Council
The International Cricket Council (ICC), founded in 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference, is the global governing body for international cricket, based in Dubai with 111 members.
International cricket in 2017–18
International cricket in 2017–18, the ICC FTP season from May 2017 to April 2018: Pakistan won the Champions Trophy, Australia beat England 4-0 in the Ashes, and India and Australia toured South Africa.
International cricket in 2018–19
International cricket in 2018–19: season from late 2018 to mid-2019 featuring South Africa hosting Zimbabwe, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, Australia hosting India and others, the ICC Women's World T20 2018, and the ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 in England and Wales.
International cricket in 2022–23
International cricket in 2022–23, the split season from August 2022 to May 2023: England won the men's T20 World Cup in Australia, Australia took the World Test Championship, and England swept Pakistan 3-0 in Tests.
International cricket in 2025–26
International cricket in 2025–26: ICC season spanning the 2025 Champions Trophy in Pakistan/UAE, the 2025–26 Ashes, and the 2026 Men's T20 World Cup in India and Sri Lanka, under the Future Tours Programme.
International cricket in 2026
International cricket in 2026: ICC calendar year featuring the men's T20 World Cup in India and Sri Lanka (20 teams, 55 matches), Women's T20 World Cup in England (12 teams), U19 World Cup, and FTP bilateral series amid IPL-PSL overlap.
International cricket in 2027
International cricket in 2027: ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2027 in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia (2 Oct-21 Nov, 14 teams, 57 matches), men's and women's Ashes in England, WTC Final at The Oval, and India's Border-Gavaskar Trophy.
International cricket in 2027–28
International cricket in 2027–28: Men's Cricket World Cup in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia (Oct–Nov 2027), inaugural Women's Champions Trophy in India, first ICC Olympics Qualifier, and T20 World Cup 2028 plus LA28 Olympic cricket return.
International cricket in 2028
International cricket in 2028 centers on T20 cricket's Olympic return at LA28, 12–29 July, six teams per gender at Pomona's Fairgrounds, plus the PCB-hosted Women's T20 World Cup and a revamped 20-team men's T20 World Cup.
International Criminal Court
International Criminal Court (ICC), permanent tribunal in The Hague under the 1998 Rome Statute, in force 2002, trying genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression; 125 states parties; complementarity principle; US sanctions and 2026 leadership crises.
International Criminal Court investigations and cases by conflict
The International Criminal Court investigations and cases by conflict cover ICC probes from Uganda's 2004 LRA referral to the 2023 arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin over Ukraine.
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR, TPIR) was the UN ad hoc court created by resolution 955 (8 November 1994) in Arusha to try 1994 Rwandan genocide perpetrators; it indicted 93, prosecuted 73, set genocide and rape-as-genocide precedents, and closed 31 December 2015.
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was a UN court established in 1993 to prosecute war crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia since 1991.
International Crisis Group
International Crisis Group (ICG), also Crisis Group, independent NGO founded 1995 after Somalia, Rwanda, and Bosnia failures; field-based conflict research, CrisisWatch tracker, and advocacy to policymakers, led by Comfort Ero.
International Cultivar Registration Authority
International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA): an ISHS-appointed body recording cultivar names under the ICNCP. Voluntary, non-statutory; examples include the RHS (nine groups, 4,000+ names yearly), KAVB, and APGA.
International Cultural Resort
International Cultural Resort: a large tourism destination combining cultural themes with resort hotels, entertainment, and conference facilities for international visitors. Key examples include Universal Beijing Resort, Beijing WTown, and the historic Guling international community.
International Data Corporation
International Data Corporation (IDC) is an American market research and advisory firm founded in 1964 by Patrick J. McGovern, known for its widely cited technology market share data and forecasts.