All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
International Spinal Cord Society
International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), formerly International Medical Society of Paraplegia, founded 1961 by Ludwig Guttmann at Stoke Mandeville, renamed 2001; professional society for spinal cord injury care, research, and the Annual Scientific Meeting.
International sporting sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
International sporting sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine: FIFA, UEFA, IOC and federation bans on Russian and Belarusian teams and athletes from 2022, CAS appeals, neutral-athlete pathways, and partial lifting by 2026.
International Stabilization Force
The International Stabilization Force (ISF) is a planned 20,000-strong multinational force for Gaza, authorized by UN Security Council Resolution 2803 (November 18, 2025) under the U.S. Comprehensive Plan, overseen by the Board of Peace, tasked with demilitarizing Gaza; distinct from UN peacekeeping missions such as MINUSCA.
International Staff Band
The International Staff Band (ISB) is the premier brass band of The Salvation Army, formed 1891 in London by Bramwell Booth. 32 volunteer musicians; bandmasters from George Mitchell to Stephen Cobb and Jonathan Evans.
International standard
An international standard is a voluntary document adopted by an international standards organization such as ISO, IEC, or ITU, providing rules and guidelines for products, processes, and services.
International Standard Atmosphere
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), ICAO/ISO 2533 standard model of temperature, pressure, and density versus altitude; sea level 15 °C, 1013.25 hPa, 1.225 kg/m³; seven layers to 84.852 km; used for altimeter calibration and aircraft performance.
International Standard Classification of Education
The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is a UNESCO framework for classifying education programs and qualifications, from early childhood to tertiary levels 0 through 8, so statistics compare across countries.
International Standard Classification of Occupations
The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) is an International Labour Organization tool for classifying jobs; its current version, ISCO-08, arranges them into 436 unit groups within 10 major groups.
International Standard Name Identifier
ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier), ISO 27729, is a 16-digit identifier for public identities of creators and organizations, run by ISNI-IA; distinct from ORCID though sharing its namespace.
International standard paper sizes
International standard paper sizes, also known as ISO paper sizes, are sheet dimensions defined by ISO 216, whose A series includes the common office size A4.
International Standard Serial Number
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit code that uniquely identifies a serial publication such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper, defined by ISO standard 3297.
International student
International student: a student who crosses a border for tertiary education, defined by prior schooling (UNESCO/OECD/Eurostat) rather than citizenship. Covers mobility scale, STEM and doctoral concentration, funding, and recent visa policy reversals in the US, Canada and UK.
International Style
The International Style is a modern architectural style that emerged in Western Europe in the 1920s, named by Hitchcock and Johnson in their 1932 MoMA exhibition.
International Sugar Organization
The International Sugar Organization is an intergovernmental body in London, operating under the 1992 International Sugar Agreement, that publishes statistics and analysis on world sugar production, prices, and trade without regulating them.
International Surf School
International Surf School (International Surf School, Lda.) is a surf school and camp in Sagres, Portugal, operating since 2001; registered RNAAT 53/2008, AL 7376/AL, offering surf instruction and accommodation.
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification
International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) is a certification system, operated by ISCC System GmbH, verifying sustainability and greenhouse gas performance of feedstocks and fuels through third-party audits.
International Sustainability Standards Board
The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) is an IFRS Foundation board created at COP26 in 2021 that sets global sustainability disclosure standards, including IFRS S1 and S2.
International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction
The International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC) is an annual peer-reviewed conference run by IAARC since the early 1980s, with over 5,600 peer-reviewed papers published.
International Symposium on Computer Architecture
The International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA) is an annual conference for new ideas and experimental results in computer architecture, jointly sponsored by the IEEE and the ACM since 1973.
International Symposium on Field and Service Robotics
The International Symposium on Field and Service Robotics (FSR) is a selective, single-track biennial robotics conference, first held in Canberra in 1997, covering robots that work in mines, farms, and disaster sites.
International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
The International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA) is an annual IEEE research conference on computer architecture, held since 1995 and ranked alongside ISCA, MICRO, and ASPLOS.
International Symposium on Industrial Robots
The International Symposium on Industrial Robots (ISIR) was an annual robotics conference held from 1970 to 1996, renamed the International Symposium on Robotics in 1997.
International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design
The International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED) is an annual ACM/IEEE-sponsored conference covering power-efficient design from devices and circuits to architecture and software, dating to 1994.
International Symposium on Medical Robotics
The International Symposium on Medical Robotics (ISMR) is an annual IEEE-published conference covering surgical robotics, prosthetics, haptics, and image-guided interventions, first held in Atlanta in March 2018.
International Symposium on Microarchitecture
The International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO) is an annual IEEE/ACM conference on processor design and computer architecture, one of the field's top venues with an acceptance rate near 20%.
International Symposium on Robotics Research
The International Symposium on Robotics Research (ISRR) is a biennial robotics research symposium, the flagship symposium of the International Foundation of Robotics Research since 1983.
International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics
The International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR) is an annual IEEE conference on robots for disaster response and hazardous environments, founded in 2002.
International System of Quantities
The International System of Quantities (ISQ) is the standardized system of physical quantities, defined by the ISO/IEC 80000 series, on which the International System of Units (SI) is based.
International System of Units
The International System of Units (Système international d'unités, SI) is the modern metric system, built on seven base units and defined since 2019 by seven constants of nature.
International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the world governing body of table tennis, founded in London in 1926, with 227 member associations and Olympic recognition since 1988.