All articles starting with I
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Internet Research Institute
Internet Research Institute (IRI) is a Tokyo-based consulting and corporate incubation group founded by Hiroshi Fujiwara in 1996, focused on IoT, cyber security, and AI.
Internet Research Task Force
The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) is an Internet research organization created in 1989 that promotes long-term research on Internet protocols, applications, architecture, and technology.
Internet safety
Internet safety is the practice of protecting people from harm online across four risk categories, the 4 Cs: content, contact, conduct, and commerce, with defenses like multi-factor authentication.
Internet security
Internet security, also called web security, is the set of practices and technologies that protect Internet data and systems from unauthorized access, modification, and disruption.
Internet service provider
An internet service provider, or ISP, is a company that owns or resells the facilities delivering internet access to homes and businesses over DSL, cable, fiber, wireless, or satellite.
Internet slang
Internet slang, also called netspeak or online jargon, is informal abbreviated language of online communication, from LOL and emoticons to skibidi and delulu; it follows distinct word-formation rules, spreads through social networks, and now enters major dictionaries.
Internet Society
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American nonprofit, founded in 1992 by Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn, and other internet pioneers, that promotes the Internet's open development and standards.
Internet Standard
An Internet Standard is a stable, well-understood protocol or convention adopted through the IETF standards process, requiring multiple independent interoperable implementations and defined by RFC 2026.
Internet Stream Protocol
The Internet Stream Protocol (ST) is an experimental connection-oriented protocol, first specified in 1979, that reserved network resources for real-time audio and video; its second version, ST2, used IP version number 5.
Internet traffic
Internet traffic, also called online traffic, is the flow of data across the Internet, carried as packets delivered through routers and switches, often protected by TLS encryption.
Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy
Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) delivers CBT through structured online programs, guided by therapists or self-help, for depression and anxiety; trials show it works as well as face-to-face CBT.
Internet.org
Internet.org is a partnership founded by Facebook in 2013 to bring affordable internet access worldwide, best known for its Free Basics program, which was banned in India in 2016.
Internet2
Internet2, managed through the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID), is a US nonprofit consortium founded in 1996 that runs a nationwide high-speed research network connecting universities and international research networks.
Internetwork Packet Exchange
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is a Novell network-layer datagram protocol that addressed and routed packets on NetWare networks from the 1980s until NetWare 5 adopted pure TCP/IP in 1998.
Internetworking
Internetworking, also called catenet, is the practice of connecting distinct packet-switched networks so they operate as one system using TCP/IP, developed by DARPA's 1973 Internetting project.
Interneuron
Interneuron: a neuron that is neither motor nor sensory; commonly, a local GABAergic inhibitory cell of the cortex and hippocampus, about 20% of cortical neurons, with PV, SST, and 5HT3aR subgroups and links to epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism.
InternLM (model family)
InternLM is a family of open-weight large language models developed by Shanghai AI Laboratory with SenseTime and several universities, first released in 2023 and continued through the InternLM2, InternLM2.5, and InternLM3 generations.
Internment
Internment: executive-ordered confinement without criminal charges, as a non-punitive security measure in armed conflict. Covers POW and civilian internment under Geneva Convention IV and World War II programs in the US, UK, and Australia.
Internment camps in Hungary
Internment camps in Hungary were extrajudicial detention facilities run by the communist regime under Mátyás Rákosi from 1945 to 1953, holding people deemed dangerous without trial.
Internment of German Americans
Internment of German Americans: wartime U.S. detention of German nationals and citizens under the Alien Enemies Act in both world wars; over 31,000 enemy aliens interned, including at least 11,000 German aliens, plus 6,600 Latin American deportees, with exchanges and repatriation to Germany.
Internment of Japanese Americans
Internment of Japanese Americans: WWII forced removal and confinement of over 120,000 people of Japanese descent under Executive Order 9066 (1942), mostly in ten WRA camps, plus 2,264 Japanese Latin Americans; redress via the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.
Internship
An internship is a limited period of work experience with an employer, lasting a few weeks to a year, neither regular employment nor a formal apprenticeship.
Internship (medicine)
Medical internship: supervised clinical training period for new medical graduates, also called house officer year or clerkship; lasts one to two years, varies by country, and was absorbed into US residency in 1970.
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO, MLF syndrome) is impaired adduction of one eye on horizontal gaze with abducting nystagmus and preserved convergence, caused by a medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion, usually multiple sclerosis in the young or brainstem stroke in older adults.
InternVideo
InternVideo is a family of open video foundation models for video understanding, developed by the General Vision Group at Shanghai AI Laboratory since December 2022.
InternVL
InternVL is a family of open-weight vision-language models, processing images and text together, developed by OpenGVLab at Shanghai AI Laboratory and first released in December 2023.
Interocrium
Interocrium (Interocrio), a Sabine road station on the Via Salaria, modern Antrodoco, Italy; a vicus in Strabo, shown on the Tabula Peutingeriana with a branch road to Amiternum.
Interoperability
Interoperability, abbreviated I14y, is the ability of two or more systems or organizations to exchange information and use what has been exchanged, usually achieved by implementing shared communication or data-format standards.
Interos Inc.
Interos Inc., formerly Interos Solutions Inc. and Interos Solutions, LLC, is an American supply chain risk management software company founded in 2005 by Jennifer Bisceglie, headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.
Interpenetrated MOFs for xenon/krypton separation
Interpenetrated MOFs for xenon/krypton separation are metal–organic frameworks in which two or more identical networks thread through one another, shrinking pores so xenon adsorbs preferentially over krypton.