All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
Idea Vilariño
Idea Vilariño (1920–2009) was a Uruguayan poet, essayist, and translator, a central figure of the Generación del 45 known for spare poems on love, solitude, and death.
Idea-expression dichotomy
The idea-expression dichotomy is the copyright principle that protection extends only to an author's specific expression, never the underlying ideas, procedures, systems, or methods a work conveys.
ideaForge
ideaForge Technology Limited is a Mumbai-based Indian drone manufacturer founded by IIT Bombay students, known for supplying VTOL surveillance UAVs to the Indian Army and listing publicly in 2023.
Ideagen
Ideagen is a Nottingham, UK software company founded in 1993 that sells governance, risk, and compliance software; it was taken private by Hg Capital in a £1.092bn deal in 2022.
IDEAL
iDEAL is the Dutch online payment system, launched in 2005, in which shoppers pay directly from their bank account; it handles roughly three quarters of Dutch e-commerce payments.
Ideal (ring theory)
An ideal in ring theory is a subset of a ring closed under addition and multiplication by any ring element, introduced by Richard Dedekind in 1871.
Ideal Body Weight
Ideal body weight (IBW) is a height-based weight estimate from Metropolitan Life Insurance tables and formulas such as Devine (1974), Hamwi, Robinson, and Miller, used clinically for drug dosing, nutrition, and ventilation, with adjusted body weight variants for obesity.
Ideal class group
The ideal class group of a Dedekind domain measures the failure of unique factorization; it is trivial exactly when the domain is a principal ideal domain.
Ideal gas
An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas exactly described by the gas laws, especially pV = nRT, which all real gases approach at high temperature and low pressure.
Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law, also called the universal gas equation, is the equation of state pV = nRT relating a gas's pressure, volume, amount, and temperature.
Ideal Jawa
Ideal Jawa was an Indian motorcycle manufacturer based in Mysore, founded by the Irani brothers, that produced Jawa and later Yezdi motorcycles from 1961 to 1996.
Ideal magnetohydrodynamics
Ideal magnetohydrodynamics, or ideal MHD, is the zero-resistivity limit of magnetohydrodynamics, treating plasma as a perfect conductor with frozen-in magnetic flux; it is the standard model for fusion, solar, and space plasmas.
Ideal Maternity Home
Ideal Maternity Home (IMH), East Chester, Nova Scotia, 1928 to mid-1940s: commercial maternity and adoption home run by William and Lila Young, linked to the "Butterbox Babies" scandal, black-market adoptions, and Nova Scotia child-welfare reforms.
Ideal solution
An ideal solution is a thermodynamic model solution whose components obey Raoult's law at all compositions, with zero enthalpy and volume of mixing, benzene and toluene the standard example.
IDEAL trial (NCT03511482)
IDEAL (NCT03511482), Integrated Digitally Enhanced Care for Long-term Conditions-Asthma, a withdrawn UK feasibility trial of the myAsthma app with Lloyds Pharmacy Online Doctor remote consultations in primary care; stopped for lack of funding before results.
IDEAL trial (NCT06590545)
IDEAL (NCT06590545) is a phase 1/2 trial of anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy (KYV-101, mivocabtagene autoleucel) for 8 treatment-refractory, ANCA-IgG-positive ANCA-associated vasculitis patients at Charité Berlin, funded by Kyverna Therapeutics.
Ideal type
Ideal type: Weber's methodological concept, an analytical construct formed by one-sided accentuation of viewpoints, used as a measuring rod for comparing real social cases; basis of ideal-type analysis in qualitative research.
Idealism
Idealism, also called philosophical idealism, is the philosophical position that mind constitutes fundamental reality, with the material world mental at its core or appearing to mind.
Idealism in international relations
Idealism in international relations, also called Idealpolitik or liberalism, is the family of approaches holding that norms, law, and institutions can improve international politics, against realism.
idealista
idealista is a Spanish online real estate classifieds platform founded in 2000 by Jesús Encinar, operating in Spain, Italy, and Portugal from Madrid, majority owned by Cinven since 2024.
Idealization (philosophy of science)
Idealization, in the philosophy of science, is the deliberate introduction of distortions or omissions into scientific models, exemplified by frictionless planes and perfectly rigid bodies.
Idealization and devaluation
Idealization and devaluation are paired defense mechanisms assigning all-good or all-bad qualities to a person, linked to splitting, borderline personality disorder, therapy dynamics, and stress-coping research.
Ideanomics
Ideanomics, formerly Seven Stars Cloud Group, was a New York-based holding company that invested in electric vehicle and charging technology businesses for commercial fleets until its 2024 bankruptcy.
IdeaPad (ΛD)
Lenovo IdeaPad is a line of consumer laptop computers introduced by Lenovo on January 3, 2008, as the consumer counterpart to its business-oriented ThinkPad line.
Ideas
Ideas (Ideeën) is an aphoristic essay and miscellany collection in seven parts by the Dutch writer Multatuli, pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker, published in installments between 1862 and 1877.
IDEATel trial
The IDEATel trial was a randomized controlled trial of telemedicine case management versus usual care in 1,665 older Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes in New York State.
Ideation (creative process)
Ideation is the creative process of generating many solution ideas, the third stage of design thinking after Empathise and Define. It alternates divergent and convergent thinking, uses techniques like brainstorming, Crazy 8s, and SCAMPER, and research shows nominal groups outperform interactive brainstorming.
IDEAYA Biosciences
IDEAYA Biosciences is a publicly traded precision-medicine oncology company in South San Francisco, founded in 2015, developing synthetic lethality and antibody-drug conjugate therapies for molecularly defined solid tumors.
Idebenone
Idebenone (Raxone) is a synthetic short-chain benzoquinone, a non-natural CoQ10 analogue developed by Takeda, acting as a mitochondrial electron carrier bypassing complex I; EU-approved for LHON, investigated in Friedreich ataxia, DMD, and Alzheimer's disease.
Idebessos
Idebessos (Idebessus, İdebessos), a small ancient Lycian polis in the Alakır Valley near Kumluca, Antalya, at about 1,000 m in the Bey Mountains; a Lycian League member via sympoliteia with Akalissos and Korma, unexcavated, with a small Hellenistic theater and Roman-period sarcophagi.