All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
Identity formation
Identity formation: the developmental process of building a coherent self through exploration and commitment, central to Erikson's adolescence stage and Marcia's four identity statuses.
Identity matrix
The identity matrix, also called the unit matrix, is the square matrix with ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere that leaves any matrix unchanged under multiplication.
Identity politics
Identity politics is political activity grounded in the shared experiences of injustice of members of marginalized social groups, coined by the Combahee River Collective in 1977.
Identity preference optimization
Identity preference optimization (IPO) is a preference-optimization loss for language-model alignment, introduced at Google DeepMind in 2023, that modifies DPO by targeting a fixed margin to reduce overfitting.
Identity theft
Identity theft: wrongful obtaining and use of another person's personal data for fraud or deception, typically economic gain. Also called identity fraud; defined in 18 U.S.C. § 1028(a)(7), measured by FTC complaints and NCVS surveys.
Identity Thief
Identity Thief (2013) is a Seth Gordon road-trip comedy starring Jason Bateman and Melissa McCarthy, about a Denver man chasing the Florida woman who stole his identity; a Universal Pictures R-rated hit that grossed about $174 million worldwide despite poor reviews.
Identity V
Identity V is a free-to-play asymmetrical horror multiplayer game developed and published by NetEase in 2018, in which one powerful Hunter pursues four Survivors who decode machines and escape.
Identity–Liberties
Identity–Liberties (Identité–Libertés, IDL) is a French identitarian, liberal-conservative political movement led by Marion Maréchal, with three Assemblée nationale députés attached to the RN group and four MEPs in the European Conservatives and Reformists group.
Ideogram
Ideogram (ideograph): a written symbol representing an idea or object directly rather than word sounds, applied to Chinese characters and signs like % or &; distinguished from pictogram and logogram, and central to the debated Ideographic Myth about Chinese writing.
Ideogram (company)
Ideogram is a Toronto generative-image startup founded in 2023 by former Google Brain researchers who created Imagen, known for rendering legible, well-placed text inside generated images.
Ideogram (text-to-image model)
Ideogram is a text-to-image model and generative media platform from Ideogram AI, a Toronto company launched in August 2023, known for rendering legible text in images.
Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices
Ideological leanings of US Supreme Court justices: liberal-conservative positions measured via Martin-Quinn scores (1937-present), Segal-Cover values, and common-space scores; party-ideology alignment since 2010, drift, and polarization.
Ideology
Ideology: system of interrelated political beliefs and values; coined by Destutt de Tracy in 1796 as a science of ideas, pejorated by Napoleon, given critical force by Marx, and extended by Mannheim and Althusser.
Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
Althusser's 1970 essay 'Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses' (Idéologie et appareils idéologiques d'État) distinguishes the Repressive State Apparatus from eight ISAs and argues ideology interpellates individuals as subjects.
Ideomotor phenomenon
Ideomotor phenomenon: unconscious muscle movements triggered by thought or suggestion, coined by Carpenter (1852). Explains Ouija boards, dowsing pendulums, table-turning, and automatic writing; studied in modern action-control theory.
Ides of March
Ides of March: 15 March in the Roman calendar, famous as the 44 BC date when senators led by Brutus and Cassius assassinated Julius Caesar in Pompey's theatre, triggering civil wars and Augustus' empire.
IDEX Corporation
IDEX Corporation is an American engineered products company headquartered in Northbrook, Illinois, that makes mission-critical pumps, valves, flow meters, precision fluidics, optics, and firefighting equipment through more than 50 niche businesses.
IDF Caterpillar D9 (דובי)
The IDF Caterpillar D9, nicknamed Doobi (דובי, teddy bear), is an armored version of the Caterpillar D9 bulldozer used by Israel's Combat Engineering Corps since the 1960s.
IDFC First Bank
IDFC First Bank, formerly IDFC Bank, is an Indian private-sector universal bank created by the 2018 merger of IDFC Bank with the retail lender Capital First.
IDG Breyer Capital Fund L.P.
IDG Breyer Capital Fund L.P. is a private equity fund formed in 2018 in the Cayman Islands, reporting nearly $2.5 billion sold in its SEC filing.
Idg Ventures India
IDG Ventures India was a technology venture capital firm founded in Bengaluru in 2006 by Sudhir Sethi, which backed over 70 Indian startups including Myntra, Lenskart, and Yatra.
Idg-Accel China
IDG-Accel China was a China-focused venture capital partnership between IDG and Accel Partners, announced in 2005, which raised nearly $1.5 billion and was later succeeded by IDG Capital.
Idgah
Idgah (ईदगाह) is a 1933 Hindi short story by Munshi Premchand about four-year-old orphan Hamid, who buys tongs for his grandmother instead of toys at the Eid fair.
IDH1
IDH1 is a human gene on chromosome 2 that encodes a cytoplasmic enzyme converting isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate; mutations at arginine 132 drive gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia.
IDH2
IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2, Gene ID 3418) encodes the mitochondrial NADP-dependent IDH homodimer. Hotspot mutations R140 and R172 produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate, driving AML, glioma, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and D-2-HGA type II; enasidenib targets IDH2-mutant AML.
IDH3A
IDH3A (isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 catalytic subunit alpha, 15q25.1) encodes the catalytic alpha subunit of mitochondrial NAD+-dependent IDH3, the rate-limiting TCA cycle enzyme; biallelic variants cause retinitis pigmentosa 90 and encephalopathy, and IDH3α is overexpressed in glioblastoma.
Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara (இதர்குத்தானே ஆசைப்பட்டாய் பாலகுமாரா)
Idharkuthane Aasaipattai Balakumara (இதற்குத்தானே ஆசைப்பட்டாய் பாலகுமாரா), also called IAB, is a 2013 Tamil comedy film directed by Gokul, starring Vijay Sethupathi as Sumaar Moonji Kumar; released 2 October 2013, it earned ₹400 million on a ₹40 million budget.
Idhu Enna Maayam (இது என்ன மாயம்)
Idhu Enna Maayam (இது என்ன மாயம்) is a 2015 Tamil romantic comedy directed by A. L. Vijay, starring Vikram Prabhu and Keerthy Suresh in her Tamil debut, released 31 July 2015 by Magic Frames.
Idhu Namma Aalu (இது நம்ம ஆளு) (2016 film)
Idhu Namma Aalu (இது நம்ம ஆளு) is a 2016 Tamil romantic comedy directed by Pandiraj, starring Silambarasan and Nayanthara as exes reuniting on screen, with music by debutant Kuralarasan; released 27 May 2016 after long production delays, distinct from the 1988 Bhagyaraj film of the same name.
Idi (governor of Elephantine)
Idi, also written Idy, was an 8th Dynasty Egyptian official and son of the vizier Shemay, appointed Governor of Upper Egypt over the seven southernmost nomes by king Neferkauhor.