All articles starting with J
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Johann Friedrich Ahlfeld
Johann Friedrich Ahlfeld (1810–1884) was a German Lutheran pastor and one of the most effective preachers of the nineteenth-century Protestant Awakening, serving thirty years at the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig and drafting the Saxon hymnal of 1880.
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physician and naturalist at Göttingen, father of physical anthropology, coined the five human varieties including "Caucasian" in De generis humani varietate nativa (1795) and proposed the Bildungstrieb formative drive.
Johann Friedrich Bruch
Johann Friedrich Bruch (1792–1874) was a German Protestant theologian who taught at Strasbourg for 53 years and became the first rector of the German University of Strasbourg in 1871.
Johann Friedrich Gmelin
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804) was a German naturalist, physician, and chemist, professor at Tübingen and Göttingen, best known for editing the 13th edition of Linnaeus's Systema Naturae.
Johann Friedrich Schannat
Johann Friedrich Schannat (1683–1739) was a Luxembourg-born historian and canon whose charter-based histories of Fulda and Worms made him a leading early 18th-century German scholar.
Johann Friedrich Starck
Johann Friedrich Starck (1680–1756) was a German Lutheran pastor and devotional author in Frankfurt am Main whose 1728 daily prayer book was reprinted more than 160 times.
Johann Friedrich Struensee
Johann Friedrich Struensee (1737–1772), German physician and Christian VII's personal doctor, ruled Denmark-Norway as de facto regent 1770–1772, introduced unrestricted press freedom and hundreds of reforms, then fell through a coup tied to his affair with Queen Caroline Mathilde and was executed.
Johann Friedrich Theodor Brieger
Johann Friedrich Theodor Brieger (1842–1915) was a German Protestant church historian who held chairs of church history at Marburg and Leipzig and co-founded the Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte in 1876.
Johann Funck
Johann Funck, also Funcke or Funccius (1518–1566), was a German Lutheran theologian and court preacher to Duke Albrecht of Prussia, beheaded at Königsberg in 1566.
Johann Georg Faust
Johann Georg Faust (c. 1480–1540/41), also Georg or Jörg Faust, was a German itinerant doctor, astrologer, and alchemist of the Reformation era, recorded by contemporaries as a boastful charlatan, whose life seeded the Faust devil-pact legend and the 1587 Historia von D. Johann Fausten.
Johann Georg Gichtel
Johann Georg Gichtel (1638–1710) was a German lawyer turned Protestant mystic and ascetic who edited the first complete edition of Jakob Böhme and led the Angelic Brethren from Amsterdam.
Johann Georg Gmelin
Johann Georg Gmelin (Иоганн Георг Гмелин, 1709–1755) was a German naturalist in Russian service who traveled about 34,000 km across Siberia and wrote the four-volume Flora Sibirica.
Johann Georg Hagen
Johann Georg Hagen was an Austrian-born Jesuit priest and astronomer who directed the Georgetown University Observatory from 1888 and the Vatican Observatory in Rome from 1906 until his death in 1930.
Johann Georg Hamann
Johann Georg Hamann, known as the Magus of the North, was a German Protestant thinker and Enlightenment critic who argued that reason is inseparable from language.
Johann Georg Herbst
Johann Georg Herbst (1787–1836) was a German Catholic priest, exegete, and orientalist, professor of Old Testament exegesis and Oriental languages at Tübingen and the university's head librarian from 1832.
Johann Georg Hiedler
Johann Georg Hiedler (1792–1857), Austrian wandering miller, married Maria Anna Schicklgruber in 1842 and was posthumously recorded in 1876 as father of Alois Hitler, making him Adolf Hitler's officially recognized paternal grandfather; his brother Johann Nepomuk is the rival candidate.
Johann Georg Mönckeberg
Johann Georg Mönckeberg (1877–1925) was a German pathologist, born in Hamburg, who first described Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, a non-obstructive calcification of muscular arteries, in 1903 and held pathology chairs at Düsseldorf, Strassburg, Tübingen, and Bonn.
Johann Georg Rapp
Johann Georg Rapp, known to followers as Father Rapp, was a Württemberg-born Pietist who founded the Harmony Society, a Christian communal movement holding all property in common.
Johann Georg Veit Engelhardt
Johann Georg Veit Engelhardt (1791–1855) was a German Lutheran theologian and church historian, professor of theology at Erlangen from 1823 until his death, known for manuals of church history.
Johann Georg Wilhelm Herrmann
Johann Georg Wilhelm Herrmann (1846–1922) was a liberal German Lutheran theologian, professor at Marburg, who grounded faith in inner experience of Christ and taught Karl Barth and Rudolf Bultmann.
Johann Gerhard
Johann Gerhard (1582–1637) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor at Jena whose nine-volume Loci Theologici made him the leading dogmatician of Lutheran high orthodoxy.
Johann Gerhard Oncken
Johann Gerhard Oncken (1800–1884) was a German Baptist pioneer who founded the first Baptist church in Germany in Hamburg in 1834, called the Father of the Continental Baptists.
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744–1803), German philosopher, theologian, and Weimar clergyman; student of Kant. Founded modern philosophy of language, hermeneutics, linguistics, and cultural anthropology; shaped Romanticism, German idealism, and nationalism.
Johann Gottfried Scheibel
Johann Gottfried Scheibel (1783–1843) was a Lutheran theologian, preacher, and professor at Breslau who alone opposed the Prussian church union, inspiring the Old Lutheran secession in Silesia.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), German idealist philosopher of the Wissenschaftslehre, the 'pure I' system developed at Jena 1794–1799, mistaken for Kant in his 1792 revelation critique, later Berlin rector and Addresses to the German Nation.
Johann Hari
Johann Hari (born 1979) is a British journalist and author of Chasing the Scream, Lost Connections, Stolen Focus, and Magic Pill; his career includes a 2011 plagiarism scandal and the Orwell Prize he returned.
Johann Heinrich Alting
Johann Heinrich Alting (1583–1644) was a German Reformed theologian and orientalist who taught at Heidelberg and Groningen and opposed the Remonstrants at the Synod of Dort in 1618.
Johann Heinrich Haug
Johann Heinrich Haug was a German separatist mystic, expelled from Strasbourg in 1705, who edited the Berleburg Bible under Count Casimir's protection until his death in 1753.
Johann Heinrich Heidegger
Johann Heinrich Heidegger (1633–1698) was a Swiss Reformed theologian, professor of exegesis and dogmatics at Zurich, and chief compiler of the Formula Consensus Helvetica of 1675.
Johann Heinrich Horb
Johann Heinrich Horb (1645–1695) was a German Lutheran theologian and Pietist, chief pastor of St. Nikolai in Hamburg and center of its 1693/94 Pietist disputes.