All articles starting with J
20,615 articles
Joseph Barcroft
Sir Joseph Barcroft (1872–1947) was a British physiologist at Cambridge, a world leader in respiratory physiology, known for his studies of blood oxygenation, high-altitude acclimatization, and founding fetal physiology.
Joseph Barrell
Joseph Barrell (1869–1919) was an American geologist and engineer who joined Yale in 1903, known for work on isostasy, sedimentation, geologic time, and the origin of the Earth.
Joseph Bates (Adventist)
Joseph Bates (1792–1872) was a retired American sea captain from Fairhaven, Massachusetts, who became the first theologian of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, called its real founder by biographer George Knight.
Joseph Bazalgette
Sir Joseph William Bazalgette (1819–1891) was an English civil engineer who, as chief engineer of London's Metropolitan Board of Works, built the sewers and Thames embankments that ended the city's cholera epidemics.
Joseph Bédier
Joseph Bédier (1864–1938) was a French philologist and medievalist at the Collège de France known for Les Légendes épiques and his retelling of Tristan and Iseut.
Joseph Bell
Joseph Bell (1837–1911), Edinburgh surgeon, RCSEd President 1887–89, and teacher of Arthur Conan Doyle, whose observational diagnostic method inspired Sherlock Holmes.
Joseph Bellamy
Joseph Bellamy (1719–1790) was a Congregationalist minister of Bethlehem, Connecticut, credited with founding the New Divinity, the school of theology growing out of Jonathan Edwards's writings.
Joseph Benavidez
Joseph Benavidez (born 1984) is a retired American MMA fighter, Team Alpha Male flyweight and WEC bantamweight, 28-8, four-time UFC title challenger who lost to Johnson, Cruz, and Figueiredo, retired 2021.
Joseph Berkson
Joseph Berkson (1899–1982) was an American physician and biostatistician who headed biometry at the Mayo Clinic from 1932 to 1964, introduced logistic bio-assay, and named Berkson's bias.
Joseph Bernard Richardson Jr.
Joseph Bernard Richardson Jr. is an American medical anthropologist and criminologist at the University of Maryland known for research on gun violence among Black youths.
Joseph Bernardo
Jo Bernardo (Joseph Bernardo-Garcia-Rodriguez-Martinelli, 1929-2023), French freestyle swimmer; two Olympic relay bronzes (1948, 1952) and 1951 world record 8:33.0 in the 4x200 m freestyle relay.
Joseph Bernstein
Joseph Bernstein, born 1945 in Moscow, is a Soviet-born Israeli mathematician at Tel Aviv University known for inventing algebraic D-modules and the Beilinson–Bernstein localization theorem.
Joseph Betancourt
Joseph R. Betancourt is an American physician and health equity researcher who became president of The Commonwealth Fund in 2023 after leading equity work at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Joseph Beuys
Joseph Beuys (1921–1986), German artist of Krefeld origin based in Düsseldorf, sculptor, Fluxus performer, and social sculpture theorist; known for fat and felt works, 7000 Oaks, and "Everyone is an artist."
Joseph Beyrle
Joseph Robert Beyrle, known as "Jumpin' Joe," was an American 101st Airborne paratrooper who fought for both US and Soviet armies against Hitler in World War II.
Joseph Biederman
Joseph Biederman (1947–2023) was an Argentine-trained American psychiatrist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard who built the field of pediatric psychopharmacology, treating psychiatric disorders in children.
Joseph Bishara
Joseph Bishara (born 1970) is an American composer, music producer, and actor known for scoring the Insidious and Conjuring horror franchises and for playing the Lipstick-Face Demon in Insidious.
Joseph Bodine
Joseph Bodine was an American zoologist who spent his career studying diapause in grasshopper embryos and headed zoology at the State University of Iowa from 1929 until 1954.
Joseph Bologna
Joseph Bologna (1934-2017), American actor and playwright; Oscar-nominated co-writer of Lovers and Other Strangers and King Kaiser in My Favorite Year; longtime creative partner of wife Renée Taylor.
Joseph Bonanno
Joseph Bonanno (Giuseppe Bonanno, "Joe Bananas"), 1905-2002, Sicilian-born American Mafia boss who founded and led the Bonanno crime family, one of New York's Five Families, from 1931 to the mid-1960s before exile to Tucson.
Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (1768–1844), Napoleon's eldest brother, was a French diplomat who negotiated Mortefontaine, Lunéville, and Amiens, then reigned as King of Naples (1806–1808) and King of Spain José I (1808–1813) under the Bayonne Statute, dying in exile in Florence.
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf: large shallow macrotidal inlet of the Timor Sea between the Kimberley (WA) and Arnhem Land (NT), 360 km wide, named by the French Baudin expedition; hosts the 8,597 km² Joseph Bonaparte Gulf Marine Park and a banana prawn fishery.
Joseph Bondy-Denomy
Joseph Bondy-Denomy is a microbiologist and professor at the University of California, San Francisco who studies how bacteria and bacteriophages fight, and who discovered anti-CRISPR proteins, off-switches for CRISPR gene editing.
Joseph Brant
Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea, c. 1742/43–1807), Mohawk Wolf Clan war chief, interpreter, and translator, allied with the British in the American Revolution, visited London in 1775–76, and resettled the Six Nations on the Grand River grant of 1784.
Joseph Brodsky (Иосиф Александрович Бродский)
Joseph Brodsky (Иосиф Александрович Бродский, 1940–1996), Russian-American poet and essayist, Nobel Prize in Literature 1987 and US poet laureate 1991–1992. Born Leningrad, tried for parasitism, exiled 1972, wrote poetry in Russian and self-translated into English, died in New York, buried in Venice.
Joseph Broussard
Joseph Broussard dit Beausoleil (1702-1765), Acadian resistance leader against British rule in Nova Scotia, Fort Beauséjour defender, exile to Louisiana via Saint-Domingue, first Acadian militia captain at Attakapas; 2022 National Historic Person.
Joseph Bruchac
Joseph Bruchac (born 1942) is an American poet, storyteller, and writer of Abenaki heritage whose more than 180 books center on Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Joseph Bryan
Joseph Bryan is a cell biologist known for cloning the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 and showing in 1995 that the beta-cell KATP channel has two subunits, Kir6.2 and SUR.
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495 (1952), the Miracle Decision, held motion pictures protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments and voided New York's 'sacrilegious' film-censorship standard as an unconstitutional prior restraint.
Joseph Butler
Joseph Butler (1692–1752), Anglican Bishop of Bristol and Durham, English moral philosopher and theologian; author of Fifteen Sermons (1726) against Hobbesian egoism and the Analogy of Religion (1736) against deism and Locke's theory of personal identity.