All articles starting with L
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Liberal Party (Philippines)
Liberal Party (Partido Liberal, LP), Philippine political party founded January 19, 1946 by Manuel Roxas from the Nacionalista Party's Liberal wing; second-oldest party, ruled with the NP until 1972, survived martial law, led the Aquino administration.
Liberal Party (UK, 1989)
Liberal Party (UK, 1989): continuity Liberal party founded by Michael Meadowcroft, former MP for Leeds West, rejecting the 1988 Liberal–SDP merger that created the Liberal Democrats; small, electorally marginal.
Liberal Party (UK)
Liberal Party (UK): British party formed 6 June 1859 from Whigs, Peelites and Radicals; governed under Gladstone, won 400 seats in 1906, built the welfare state, declined after 1914, merged with the SDP in 1988; a refounded continuing Liberal Party still exists.
Liberal Party of Australia
Liberal Party of Australia, founded by Robert Menzies in 1944: Australia's centre-right party, successor to the United Australia Party, Coalition partner of the Nationals, 48 years governing, currently led federally by Angus Taylor.
Liberal Party of Canada
Liberal Party of Canada (Parti libéral du Canada), Canada's oldest federal party, founded 1861, centrist, governing under Mark Carney since the April 2025 election, holding 173 of 343 Commons seats after by-election wins and defections.
Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election
Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election: 308 confirmed candidates, one per riding, led by Paul Martin. Liberals took 30.2% of the vote, lost to Harper's Conservatives, and Martin resigned before Dion's December 2006 leadership win.
Liberal Party of Cuba
The Liberal Party of Cuba is the name of two related Cuban parties: a reformist autonomist party founded in 1878 and a dominant republican party exiled after 1959.
Liberal Party of Honduras
Liberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras, PLH), one of the country's two historic parties, founded 1891 by Policarpo Bonilla; member of Liberal International; won 41 congressional seats in 2025.
Liberal Party of Kenya
The Liberal Party of Kenya is a Kenyan political party whose documented history runs through Wangari Maathai, who won the Tetu Constituency seat in the 2002 elections.
Liberal Party of New York
The Liberal Party of New York (1944–2002), founded by David Dubinsky and Alex Rose, was an anti-communist social democratic third party that used fusion voting to elect presidents, governors, and mayors before losing its ballot line in 2002.
Liberal Party USA
Liberal Party USA is an American classical liberal minor party advocating free markets, free trade, free migration, limited government, and electoral reform; distinct from the mid-century Liberal Party of New York, which it took its name from.
Liberal Reform in Guatemala
The Liberal Reform in Guatemala (Reforma Liberal) was a program of liberal transformation begun by the 1871 revolution and led by Justo Rufino Barrios, built around coffee exports.
Liberal Republican Party (United States)
The Liberal Republican Party, formed in Missouri in 1870 by anti-Grant Republicans, nominated Horace Greeley in 1872 on civil service reform, amnesty, and ending Reconstruction; it lost to Grant but shaped Reconstruction's end.
Liberal Revolution of 1854
The Liberal Revolution of 1854 (Revolución Liberal de 1854) was a Peruvian civil war won by Ramón Castilla, who decreed the abolition of slavery and the indigenous tribute.
Liberal Revolution of Porto
The Liberal Revolution of Porto (Revolução Liberal do Porto) was a bloodless uprising that began in Porto, Portugal, on 24 August 1820, ending absolute monarchy and leading to the first Portuguese constitution.
Liberal socialism
Liberal socialism: political philosophy combining socialism with liberal principles. Key figures John Stuart Mill and John Rawls; features worker cooperatives, dispersed firm control, socialized property.
Liberal Unionist Party
Liberal Unionist Party: British political party (1886–1912) formed by anti-home-rule Liberals under Hartington and Joseph Chamberlain; allied with the Conservatives from 1886, joined their 1895 coalition, and merged into the Conservatives in 1912.
Liberal Zionism
Liberal Zionism, also called liberal Zionist thought, holds that Israel can be both a Jewish national home and a liberal democracy with equal rights; associated with Brandeis, J Street, and Reform Judaism, and contested over the occupation.
Liberalia Mons
Liberalia Mons, a 90-km-wide mountain on dwarf planet Ceres near 6°N, 311°E, IAU-named in 2015 for the Roman festival of Liber and Libera; an irregular cryovolcanic dome cut by Xevioso crater.
Liberalism
Liberalism is a family of political philosophies giving primacy to individual liberty and limited, constitutional government, developed from John Locke's writings of the late seventeenth century.
Liberalism (international relations)
Liberalism in international relations: a major IR paradigm, alongside realism and constructivism, tracing to Kant's Perpetual Peace (1795), holding that democracy, economic interdependence, and international institutions promote cooperation and peace, and underpinning the contested post-1945 liberal international order.
Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America
Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America: the region's two oldest ideological families, born around 1808. Liberals opposed Church dominance and slavery; conservatives defended tradition and central power. Their fusion shaped constitutions, and the right now dominates elections.
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam: two related reform currents reinterpreting Islamic sources for rights, pluralism, and gender equality; progressive Islam is more critical of modernity than liberal Islam, with roots in 19th-century modernism and groups like Indonesia's JIL.
Liberalism and radicalism in France
Liberalism and radicalism in France: French liberal political tradition from Montesquieu, Constant, and Tocqueville, and the Radical Party of the Third Republic's Radical Republic, 1898-1914, with its anticlerical reform program.
Liberalism in Belgium
Liberalism in Belgium is the political tradition that shaped the Belgian state in 1830–1831 and defined itself through anticlericalism, the school wars, and secular institutions.
Liberalism in Brazil
Liberalism in Brazil: political tradition since 1822 defending limited state power, individual rights, and economic freedom; monarchical 19th-century form, hybrid 1988 Constitution, and today's market-oriented right parties like PSL and PL.
Liberalism in France
Liberalism in France is a largely intellectual, oppositional tradition from Montesquieu and Say to Bastiat and Tocqueville that sought to limit state power rather than build a liberal party.
Liberalism in Honduras
Liberalism in Honduras: the tradition of the Liberal Party of Honduras (PLH), founded 1891 by Céleo Arias and Policarpo Bonilla, one of two historic parties alternating in power with the National Party since 1930, split by the 2009 coup, runner-up in 2025.
Liberalism in India
Liberalism in India: the tradition from Rammohan Roy, Naoroji, and Gokhale through the Constitution of 1950, Shenoy's economic dissent, and the 1991 reforms, distinguished by state-led reform and group-differentiated rights.
Liberalism in Mexico
Liberalism in Mexico (liberalismo mexicano): political tradition from the 1820s, implemented in the 1857 Constitution and Reform Laws, triumphant under Juárez in 1867, transformed by positivism under Díaz, and continued in the 1917 Constitution.