All articles starting with L
25,375 articles
LKAB
LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB) is a Swedish mining company wholly owned by the state since 1976, producing iron ore from underground mines at Kiruna and Malmberget.
LKB1 serine/threonine kinase interacting protein 1, N-terminal
STK11IP (LIP1, LKB1IP) is a human chromosome 2q35 gene encoding a cytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat scaffolding protein, the first identified LKB1-binding protein, which regulates LKB1 localization and links it to SMAD4/TGFβ signaling.
LkCa 15
LkCa 15 is a young T Tauri star in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region, about one solar mass, surrounded by a gapped protoplanetary disk where planet formation is thought to be under way.
Lkcm Headwater Investments
LKCM Headwater Investments is a Fort Worth, Texas-based private equity firm affiliated with Luther King Capital Management, founded in 1979, whose fourth buyout fund raised $975 million by 2024.
LKG (film)
LKG (எல்கேஜி), 2019 Tamil political satire directed by K.R Prabhu, written by and starring RJ Balaji as Lalgudi Karuppiah Gandhi, a ward councillor using a Cambridge Analytica-like firm to become Tamil Nadu chief minister; released 22 February 2019.
LkHA 101
LkHα 101 is a heavily reddened Herbig Be star about 535 parsecs away in Perseus, illuminating NGC 1579 and known for its directly imaged circumstellar disk.
Lkw-Maut
The Lkw-Maut is the distance-based road toll Germany levies on heavy goods vehicles using federal motorways and highways, introduced on 1 January 2005 and operated by Toll Collect under a public-private partnership.
LL Cool J
LL Cool J (James Todd Smith, born 1968), stage name from "Ladies Love Cool James," American rapper and actor; Def Jam's first artist with Radio (1985), pioneer of the rap ballad, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame 2021 inductee.
LL Cool J discography
LL Cool J discography: 14 studio albums by Queens rapper James Todd Smith on Def Jam, from Radio (1985) and Mama Said Knock You Out (1990, 2 million sold) to Q-Tip-produced The FORCE (2024), plus All World compilations and 62 singles.
LL parser
LL parser: also LL(k), left-to-right scan with leftmost derivation, a top-down deterministic parsing method for context-free grammars; LL(1) uses one lookahead token, forbids left recursion and ambiguity, and is strictly weaker than LR(k).
LL-37
LL-37 is the only cathelicidin-family antimicrobial peptide in humans, a 37-residue amphipathic helical peptide released from the precursor hCAP-18 that disrupts bacterial membranes, dissolves biofilms, and modulates immune responses.
Lladró
Lladró is a Spanish company founded in 1953 by three brothers that makes handcrafted porcelain figurines, lighting, and jewelry, exporting more than 90 percent of its output.
Llagostera
Llagostera (UE Llagostera, Unió Esportiva Llagostera) is a Catalan football identity from Llagostera, Girona: founded 1947, reached Segunda División 2014-2016, left in 2021, revived in 2026 by CF Base Llagostera in Tercera Catalana.
Llaima
Llaima, Chilean stratovolcano in Araucania's Southern Volcanic Zone, 3,125-3,179 m, one of South America's most active with about 56 eruptions since 1852; last erupted 2007-2009, main hazard lahars.
Llama
Llama (Lama glama), domesticated Andean camelid bred from the guanaco about 6,000 years ago; the New World's main pack animal, also kept for meat, wool, and dung, with multiple proposed domestication centers in the central and south-central Andes.
Llama (model family)
Llama is a family of open-weight large language models created by Meta, first released in February 2023, whose release disrupted a market dominated by closed-source models.
Llama 2
Llama 2 is a collection of pre-trained and fine-tuned large language models released by Meta on July 18, 2023, including the Llama2-Chat variants, for research and commercial use.
Llama 3.1 405B
Llama 3.1 405B is a 405-billion-parameter open-weight large language model released by Meta in July 2024, the flagship of the Llama 3.1 collection alongside 8B and 70B models.
Llama 4
Llama 4 is a generation of open-weight large language models released by Meta on April 5, 2025, its first with mixture-of-experts architecture and native multimodality, shipping Scout and Maverick.
Llama 4 benchmark controversy
The Llama 4 benchmark controversy was an April 2025 incident in which Meta submitted a chat-optimized variant of Llama 4 Maverick to LMArena while releasing a different model.
Llama Community License
The Llama Community License is Meta Platforms' source-available license for distributing Llama model weights, permitting commercial use while imposing restrictions like a 700 million monthly active user gate.
Llama Guard
Llama Guard is a family of open-weight safety classifiers from Meta, fine-tuned from Llama models to label AI prompts and responses as safe or unsafe.
Llama Llama
Llama Llama, also the Llama Llama Red Pajama series, is Anna Dewdney's bestselling rhyming picture-book franchise about young Llama and Mama Llama, adapted into a Netflix animated preschool series (2018-2019) starring Jennifer Garner.
Llama weights leak incident
The Llama weights leak incident was the March 2023 unauthorized spread of Meta's LLaMA model weights, leaked to 4chan one week after a gated release to researchers.
LLaMA-Factory
LLaMA-Factory is an open-source framework for the efficient fine-tuning of large language models and vision-language models, created at Beihang University and presented at ACL 2024. It unifies LoRA-style methods, preference alignment, and a no-code web UI.
Llama.cpp
Llama.cpp is an open-source C/C++ project, built on the ggml library, for running large language model inference locally on hardware from MacBooks to GPUs, using GGUF quantization.
llamafile
llamafile is a Mozilla project, begun in September 2023 with engineer Justine Tunney, that packs an open language model's weights and runtime into one executable running on most operating systems without installation.
LlamaIndex
LlamaIndex, also known as GPT Index, is an open-source Python framework for connecting large language models to external data, built around retrieval-augmented generation and launched in late 2022.
Llamas with Hats
Llamas with Hats is a Jason Steele (FilmCow) YouTube animated series (2009-2024) about roommate llamas Carl, a calm killer, and Paul, whose horrified "Caaarl" reactions define it; twelve episodes plus a 2024 Kickstarter-funded Epilogue.
Llandough
Llandough, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales: multi-period site with an Iron Age farmstead, a 2nd-4th century Roman villa with hypocaust and bath suite, and the largest early medieval cemetery excavated in Wales.