All articles starting with L
25,375 articles
Local color literature
Local color literature, also called regionalism, is American fiction and poetry focused on the dialect, customs, and settings of a specific region, flourishing after the Civil War.
Local corticosteroid injection
Local corticosteroid injection delivers a corticosteroid, usually with a local anesthetic, directly into an affected joint, tendon sheath, bursa, or epidural space to reduce local inflammation and pain.
Local Court of New South Wales
The Local Court of New South Wales, formerly the Courts of Petty Sessions, is Australia's busiest court, where all criminal and most civil cases in NSW begin; its magistrates became judges on 28 March 2026.
Local differential privacy
Local differential privacy (LDP) is a variant of differential privacy where each user randomizes their own data before it leaves their device, eliminating the trusted curator.
Local elevation
Local elevation (LE) is an enhanced-sampling method for molecular dynamics simulation, introduced at ETH Zürich in 1994, that penalizes already-visited conformations to encourage broader exploration.
Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter
The Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) is a data assimilation algorithm introduced by Hunt, Kostelich, and Szunyogh in 2007 that combines model forecasts with observations.
Local exchange trading system
A local exchange trading system (LETS) is a mutual credit network where members trade goods and services using an interest-free local currency, developed by Michael Linton in Canada in 1983.
Local extinction
Local extinction, or extirpation, is the disappearance of a species from part of its range while it survives elsewhere. Distinguished from global extinction by reversibility through recolonization; central to metapopulation dynamics and driven by habitat fragmentation and climate change.
Local field
A local field in algebraic number theory is a field complete with respect to a discrete valuation and having a finite residue field, such as the p-adic numbers.
Local Field Potential Measurement
Local field potential (LFP) measurement records low-frequency extracellular brain voltage, below about 300 Hz, from intracerebral microelectrodes; also called micro- or depth EEG. It reflects summed synaptic currents of neuronal populations and is used in adaptive deep brain stimulation.
Local food
Local food: food produced, processed, and sold within a defined area via short supply chains; no standard geographic definition exists. Evidence shows no inherent sustainability advantage over global food; outcomes depend on supply chain, product, and country.
Local government
Local government: the municipal tier of public authority below national and regional government, delivering services like waste, roads, education, and planning. Also called municipal or local authorities; autonomy varies by federal or unitary state structure.
Local Government Act 1972
The Local Government Act 1972 is a United Kingdom statute that reorganized local government in England and Wales, replacing a nineteenth-century patchwork with standardized county and district councils.
Local government areas of Nigeria
Local government areas of Nigeria (LGAs): the 774 third-tier units (768 in 36 states plus 6 FCT area councils) listed in the 1999 Constitution's First Schedule, created mainly in 1976 and 1996, with 2024 Supreme Court financial autonomy ruling.
Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996): the two-tier regions and districts, plus the Orkney, Shetland and Western Isles islands areas, created by the 1973 Act, replacing counties and burghs, and abolished on 1 April 1996 for 32 unitary councils.
Local government areas of Western Australia
Local government areas of Western Australia: the districts (cities, towns, shires) governed by elected councils under the Local Government Act 1995; about 137-139 areas, biennial voluntary elections, rates-funded, ranging from under 100 to over 220,000 residents.
Local government in Australia
Local government in Australia, also called local councils, is the third tier of government below Commonwealth and states, created by state Acts since the Constitution omits it; about 537 councils deliver roads, waste, planning, and libraries, funded mainly by rates.
Local government in England
Local government in England: 317 principal councils (county, district, unitary, metropolitan, London boroughs) plus 9,000 parish councils, two-tier and unitary structures, combined authorities, funding, elections, and history from the 1835 Municipal Corporations Act to the 2026 devolution reforms.
Local government in India
Local government in India: the third tier of government, comprising rural Panchayats and urban Municipalities given constitutional status by the 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992, in force 1993), with three-tier Panchayati Raj, five-year elections, SC/ST/women reservations, 29 devolved subjects, and state-controlled devolution of funds and functions.
Local government in Nepal
Local government in Nepal, also called local governance in Nepal, is the third tier of government, made up of 744 units created in March 2017 under the 2015 Constitution.
Local government in the Philippines
Local government in the Philippines: the four-tier LGU system (provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays) under Article X and RA 7160, with 43,728 LGUs in 2024, the 40% National Tax Allotment, and the Mandanas-Garcia fiscal shift.
Local government in the United States
Local government in the United States is the tier of government below the 50 states, including counties, townships, and school districts that provide services like policing and roads.
Local Government System
The Local Government System (地方自治制度) was Meiji Japan's body of laws creating cities, towns, villages, counties, and prefectures with elected assemblies, drafted under Yamagata Aritomo from 1888.
Local Group
The Local Group is the gravitationally bound galaxy group containing the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy, and about 100 smaller galaxies across nearly 10 million light-years.
Local H
Local H is an American alternative rock duo from Zion, Illinois, formed in 1990, known for Scott Lucas's combined guitar-bass setup, the gold 1996 album As Good as Dead, and the hit "Bound for the Floor."
Local Hero (film)
Local Hero (1983) is a British comedy-drama written and directed by Bill Forsyth, produced by David Puttnam, starring Burt Lancaster and Peter Riegert as a Texan oil boss and executive buying a Scottish village, with Mark Knopfler's debut film score.
Local hidden-variable theory
A local hidden-variable theory (also called local hidden variables) explains measurement outcomes on separated particles by pre-existing properties and no faster-than-light influence, and Bell's theorem rules it out experimentally.
Local Hot Bubble
The Local Hot Bubble, also called the Local Bubble, is a cavity of hot, low-density X-ray-emitting plasma surrounding the Sun, likely carved by supernovae beginning roughly 14 million years ago.
Local Interconnect Network
The Local Interconnect Network (LIN) is a low-cost serial bus protocol for automotive body and comfort electronics, in which a master node polls responders at up to 20 kbit/s.
Local interneuron
Local interneuron (local circuit neuron): a neuron with a locally confined axon; in cortex, GABAergic cells (~20-30% of neurons) in PV, SST, and 5HT3aR classes, born in ganglionic eminences, linked to epilepsy, schizophrenia, autism.