All articles starting with L

Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations

Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) is a machine learning method that explains individual predictions of black-box models, introduced by Ribeiro, Singh, and Guestrin in 2016.

Local Interstellar Cloud

The Local Interstellar Cloud, nicknamed the Local Fluff, is a warm, tenuous interstellar cloud the solar system is traversing, expected to exit within 2,000 to 6,000 years.

Oct 22, 2026

Local lattice distortion in high-entropy alloys

Local lattice distortion (LLD) in high-entropy alloys is the static displacement of atoms from ideal lattice sites, caused by atomic size differences among the alloy's principal elements.

Local Law 97 (New York City)

Local Law 97 is a 2019 New York City law setting greenhouse gas emissions limits on most large buildings over 25,000 square feet, reaching net zero by 2050.

Local loop

The local loop, also called the subscriber loop, is the physical link between a telephone subscriber's premises and the local exchange, historically a pair of copper wires carrying analog voice.

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a mouse-based skin-sensitization test that identifies contact allergens and estimates their potency from lymphocyte proliferation in lymph nodes draining the ear, standardized as OECD Test Guideline 429 in 2002.

Local martingale

A local martingale is a stochastic process that becomes a true martingale when stopped at suitable stopping times increasing to infinity; every martingale is one, but not conversely.

Local mean decomposition

Local mean decomposition is an adaptive signal processing method that breaks modulated signals into product functions, yielding instantaneous amplitude and frequency without the Hilbert transform.

Local Motors

Local Motors was an American vehicle manufacturer founded in Phoenix, Arizona in 2007, known for crowd-designed microfactory-built cars and pioneering the 3D-printed Strati car and Olli self-driving shuttle.

Local number portability

Local number portability (LNP) is the ability of telephone customers to keep their number when switching providers at the same location, mandated in the United States by the Telecommunications Act of 1996.

Local option

Local option: a law letting local voters decide by referendum whether liquor sales are permitted, producing wet, dry, and moist counties; used in the US, Scotland, New Zealand, and Alaska since 1981.

Local outlier factor

The local outlier factor (LOF) is an anomaly detection algorithm that scores each data point by the sparsity of its local neighborhood, introduced by Breunig, Kriegel, Ng, and Sander in 2000.

Oct 22, 2026

Local pH effects in CO2 electrolysis

Local pH effects in CO2 electroreduction arise when cathodic hydroxide generation raises interfacial pH up to 6 units above bulk, suppressing hydrogen and favoring multicarbon products on copper.

Local radiotherapy

Local radiotherapy delivers ionizing radiation to a localized tumor or body region to destroy malignant cells while sparing healthy tissue, typically in daily 2 Gy fractions over several weeks.

Local realism

Local realism is the conjunction of locality, that influences cannot propagate faster than light, and realism, that outcomes are fixed before observation; Bell's theorem and the 2015 Delft experiment support its rejection.

Local regression

Local regression, best known as LOWESS or loess, is a nonparametric method fitting a smooth curve by low-degree polynomials to nearby observations, introduced by William Cleveland in 1979.

Local ring

A local ring, also known as a quasi-local or quasilocal ring, is a ring with exactly one maximal ideal, the basic algebraic tool for studying geometric objects near a single point.

Local Sarakku (லோக்கல் சரக்கு)

Local Sarakku (லோக்கல் சரக்கு), also spelled Lokal Sarakku, is a 2024 Tamil comedy-drama directed by S. P. Rajkumar, starring Dinesh Kumar, Yogi Babu, and Upasana RC, about an alcoholic who tries to quit drinking, released 26 January 2024.

Local search (optimization)

Local search, also known as the local search algorithm, is a heuristic optimization method that repeatedly moves from a current solution to a better neighbor, stopping at a local optimum.

Local Volume

The Local Volume is the region of space around the Milky Way containing about 1000 known galaxies within 11 megaparsecs, organized into seven mostly dwarf groups and used to test cosmology.

Local-density approximation

The local-density approximation (LDA) is an approximation to the exchange-correlation energy in density-functional theory that treats each point as a uniform electron gas of the same density.