All articles starting with L
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Low-energy upbend
The low-energy upbend, or low-energy enhancement, is a nuclear physics phenomenon in which γ-ray strength rises at low energy below about 2–4 MeV, first seen in iron isotopes.
Low-enriched uranium
Low-enriched uranium (LEU) is uranium enriched to less than 20 percent uranium-235 and the standard fuel for commercial power reactors, typically at 3 to 5 percent.
Low-erucic Brassica juncea oil
Low-erucic Brassica juncea oil, also called canola-quality mustard or ZEM oil, is edible mustard oil bred below 2% erucic acid and 30 μmol/g glucosinolates; GRAS (GRN 33, 2000) and Health Canada approved.
Low-fiber/low-residue diet
Low-fiber/low-residue diet: a therapeutic diet limiting indigestible food residue, often defined as under 10 g fiber/day, used for colonoscopy bowel preparation and acute flares of diverticulitis, Crohn disease, and ulcerative colitis.
Low-flow priapism
Low-flow (ischemic) priapism is a painful erection over four hours from trapped, deoxygenated blood in the corpora cavernosa; over 95% of priapism cases, treated by aspiration plus phenylephrine, then shunts or penile prosthesis.
Low-FODMAP diet
Low-FODMAP diet, a Monash University-developed three-phase dietary therapy for irritable bowel syndrome restricting fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols; reduces IBS symptom severity and improves quality of life.
Low-frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Low-frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy detects paramagnetic species at frequencies below X-band, where dielectric loss and shallow penetration defeat higher frequencies, enabling in vivo oximetry and whole-body imaging.
Low-gain antenna
A low-gain antenna (LGA) is a spacecraft antenna that broadcasts over wide directions, maintaining a link with ground stations without precise pointing, typically below 8 to 10 dBi.
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, also called Evans tumor, is a rare malignant soft-tissue tumor of young adults, first described by Harry Evans in 1987, defined by a characteristic FUS gene fusion.
Low-impact development
Low-impact development (LID) is a stormwater management approach that manages rainwater close to where it falls using practices like rain gardens, permeable pavement, and green roofs.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a physical therapy method applying weak pulsed ultrasound waves through the skin over a fracture to stimulate tissue repair, FDA-approved in 1994.
Low-intensity vibration therapy
Low-intensity vibration therapy is a physical therapy method that applies gentle vertical vibrations, typically 30 Hz below 1g for 10 to 20 minutes daily, to a standing person to treat osteoporosis.
Low-iron solar glass
Low-iron solar glass, also called ultra-clear or photovoltaic glass, is soda-lime glass with reduced iron content, the front cover of photovoltaic modules that lets more sunlight reach the cells.
Low-k dielectric
A low-k dielectric is an insulating material with a low dielectric constant that fills the space between copper wires in an integrated circuit, reducing capacitance, signal delay, and power dissipation.
Low-level jet (meteorology)
A low-level jet is a wind speed maximum in the lowest kilometer of the atmosphere, with wind speed rising to a core and falling sharply above it.
Low-level laser therapy
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), now widely called photobiomodulation therapy, applies non-thermal red or near-infrared light to body tissues to stimulate healing, reduce pain, and reduce inflammation.
Low-level programming language
A low-level programming language provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture, so its code runs directly on the processor; machine code and assembly language are the standard examples.
Low-level waste
Low-level waste (LLW) is a category of radioactive waste that accounts for about 90 percent of radioactive waste volume worldwide but only about 1 percent of its radioactivity.
Low-level waste disposal
Low-level waste disposal is the permanent emplacement of low-level radioactive waste in licensed near-surface facilities, using engineered and natural barriers while radioactive decay reduces the hazard.
Low-Life
Low-Life is New Order's third studio album, released May 13, 1985 on Factory (FACT 100) and Qwest in the US. Recorded at Britannia Row and Jam Studios, it peaked at #7 in the UK and #94 on the Billboard 200.
Low-luminosity AGN
A low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) is a weak active galactic nucleus whose X-ray output falls below 10^42 erg/s, the most numerous AGN in the local Universe.
Low-molecular-weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase
Low-molecular-weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase, or LMPTP, is a small cytosolic enzyme of about 18 kDa, encoded in humans by the ACP1 gene, that dephosphorylates signaling proteins.
Low-noise amplifier
A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic amplifier placed as the first stage of a receiver chain, boosting weak signals while adding as little noise as possible.
Low-noise block downconverter
A low-noise block downconverter, or LNB, is the device at a satellite dish's focus that amplifies the weak signal and converts it for coaxial cable.
Low-pass filter
A low-pass filter, also called a high-cut or treble-cut filter, is a circuit or algorithm that passes signals below a chosen cutoff frequency and attenuates signals above it.
Low-power broadcasting
Low-power broadcasting covers regulated small-range radio and TV stations such as US LPFM (10–100 W), LPTV, Canadian VLPFM/LPFM, and Australian LPON, serving small communities with secondary or limited interference protection.
Low-pressure area
A low-pressure area, also called a low, depression, or cyclone, is a region of lower surface atmospheric pressure with converging rotating winds, generally bringing unsettled weather, cloud, wind, and precipitation.
Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition
Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) is a thin-film deposition technique that coats batches of wafers with polysilicon, silicon nitride, or silicon dioxide in a heated furnace at a small fraction of atmospheric pressure.
Low-protein diet
A low-protein diet (LPD) restricts protein intake, chiefly to slow chronic kidney disease in patients not yet on dialysis, typically 0.5–0.6 g of protein per kg body weight per day.
Low-rank adaptation
Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique, proposed by Edward J. Hu and colleagues at Microsoft in 2021, that freezes pre-trained model weights and trains small low-rank matrices.