All articles starting with L
25,375 articles
Low-rank approximation
A low-rank approximation replaces a matrix with one of much lower rank that preserves its dominant structure, used for compression, denoising, and fast linear algebra on large data matrices.
Low-rank compression and LoRA serving
Low-rank compression represents a large model weight matrix as the product of two much smaller matrices; LoRA serving runs many such adapters over one shared base model.
Low-set ear
Low-set ear (low-set ears, misplaced ear, ICD-10 Q17.4, ICD-11 LA21.2): a dysmorphic feature where the pinna attaches below a line between the inner canthi; associated with Down, Turner, Treacher Collins syndromes, trisomy 13/18, or occurring as isolated normal variation.
Low-temperature ammonia decomposition catalysts
Low-temperature ammonia decomposition catalysts are materials that split ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen below about 450 °C for on-site hydrogen generation, with ruthenium the most active metal and nickel the leading cheaper alternative.
Low-temperature co-fired ceramic
Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) is a multilayer substrate technology in which printed glass-ceramic tape layers are stacked and co-fired at 800–900 °C with conductive metals.
Low-temperature silver paste
A low-temperature silver paste is a screen-printable conductive ink cured near 200 °C, used for metallizing silicon heterojunction solar cells whose amorphous layers tolerate little heat.
Low-valent main-group chemistry
Low-valent main-group chemistry studies p-block compounds below their classical valences that activate H2, CO, and CO2; the field took shape after Philip Power's 2005 digermyne result.
Low-voltage differential signaling
Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) is a differential electrical signaling standard introduced in 1994 for high-speed, low-power transmission of binary data over copper at rates up to 655 Mbit/s.
Low-voltage direct current
Low-voltage direct current distributes electrical power as direct current at low voltages, typically 48 to 800 volts, avoiding repeated AC-to-DC conversions in buildings, data centers, telecommunications, and microgrids.
Low-voltage electron microscopy
Low-voltage electron microscopy images specimens at reduced accelerating voltage, typically 20 to 80 kV in TEM and below 5 keV in SEM, to reduce radiation damage and increase contrast.
Lowana Planitia
Lowana Planitia is a 2,700 km lowland plain on Venus at 43°N, 98°E, IAU-approved in 1997 and named for an Australian aboriginal tale heroine who lived by the sea weaving baskets.
Lowball (poker)
Lowball, also called low poker, is a form of poker in which the lowest hand wins, most often low Five Card Draw with ace-to-five, ace-to-six, or deuce-to-seven ranking.
Lowboy trailer
A lowboy trailer is a semitrailer with two deck drops forming a low central well, 18 to 24 inches off the ground, for hauling tall, heavy equipment within legal height limits.
Lowe's
Lowe's is an American home improvement retailer, the world's second largest behind Home Depot, founded in 1921 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, with 1,759 US stores and fiscal 2025 sales of $86.3 billion.
Lowell (Martian crater)
Lowell is a roughly 200-km-wide peak-ring impact crater in Aonia Terra in Mars' southern highlands, approved by the IAU in 1973 and named for American astronomer Percival Lowell.
Lowell Fulson
Lowell Fulson, also known as Lowell Fullsom, was a defining American blues guitarist and singer. He blended rural Texas blues with urban West Coast sounds, writing standards like "Tramp."
Lowell George
Lowell George (Lowell Thomas George, 1945-1979) was an American slide guitarist, singer, songwriter, and producer, founder of Little Feat, formerly of the Mothers of Invention; died of a heart attack at 34 after his solo album Thanks I'll Eat It Here.
Lowell North
Lowell Orton North (1929–2019), American sailor and founder of North Sails (1957). Olympic gold in Star class 1968, bronze in Dragon 1964; pioneered scientific, measured sailmaking; sold company 1984.
Lowell Observatory
Lowell Observatory is a private nonprofit observatory founded by Percival Lowell in 1894 on Mars Hill in Flagstaff, Arizona, best known for the 1930 discovery of Pluto.
Lowell P. Hager
Lowell P. Hager (1926–2014) was an American enzymologist and protein chemist at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1995.
Lowell Regio
Lowell Regio, Pluto's bright northern polar regio, IAU-approved 2019, named for Percival Lowell; 1,215 km across, 55-90 degrees N, nitrogen and methane ice, distinct coloration.
Lowell S. Young
Lowell S. Young, also known as Lowell Sung-Yi Young, is an American infectious-disease physician and epidemiologist known for decades of mycobacterial disease research at the Kuzell Institute in San Francisco.
Lowell Stott
Lowell Stott is a paleoceanographer and climate scientist, professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Southern California since 1989, known for deep-sea studies of past climate change.
Lowell T. Coggeshall
Lowell T. Coggeshall, full name Lowell Thelwell Coggeshall (1901–1987), was an American physician who worked on tropical medicine and malaria and led the University of Chicago's biological sciences division.
Lowell Thomas
Lowell Thomas (1892–1981), also Lowell Jackson Thomas, American radio newscaster and explorer who anchored "Lowell Thomas and the News" 1930–1976, made Lawrence of Arabia famous, and first filmed the Dalai Lama in Tibet in 1949.
Lowell, Massachusetts
Lowell, Massachusetts, is a city on the Merrimack River about 28 miles northwest of Boston, founded in 1822 as a planned industrial city and incorporated in 1836.
Löwenheim–Skolem theorem
The Löwenheim–Skolem theorem is a pair of results in model theory of first-order logic, proved by Löwenheim in 1915 and Skolem in 1922.
Lowenherz
Löwenherz (Lowenherz, Lionheart) is Klaus Teuber's 1997 Goldsieber territory-enclosure board game for 2–4 players; it won the Deutscher Spiele Preis 1997 and was reworked as Kosmos's 2003 Der König kehrt zurück and Domaine.
Löwenstein Formation
Löwenstein Formation (Stubensandstein, Burgsandstein), Middle Keuper, Norian fluvial sandstone-mudstone unit of the Germanic Basin in southern Germany, about 217–212.5 Ma, famous for Plateosaurus bonebeds and Triassic turtles.
Lower & Middle Indus
Lower & Middle Indus, FEOW freshwater ecoregion 703, the Indus basin downstream of Tarbela Dam in Pakistan and India; tropical floodplain rivers draining to the Arabian Sea, with endemic fishes and the Indus River dolphin.