All articles starting with L
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Lysogeny broth
Lysogeny broth (LB), also called Luria broth or Luria-Bertani broth, is a nutrient-rich culture medium used to grow bacteria, especially E. coli, in molecular biology labs.
Lysol
Lysol, also known as Lizol, is a Reckitt brand of disinfectant sprays, wipes, and cleaners, descended from a water-soluble coal-tar disinfectant invented in Hamburg in 1889.
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor
Lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPA1–LPAR6) are class A GPCRs binding the lipid LPA; discovered 1996–2008 in EDG and P2Y lineages; LPA1 antagonists in trials for pulmonary fibrosis.
Lysophosphatidylcholines
Lysophosphatidylcholines, also called lysolecithins, are lysophospholipids formed from phosphatidylcholine that act as signaling lipids, disease markers, and carriers of omega-3 fatty acids into the brain.
Lysophospholipase
Lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5, 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase, CAS 9001-85-8) is an enzyme hydrolyzing lysophospholipids, used as a food processing aid from Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma reesei to improve filtration in starch syrup production.
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D), formerly split into Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease, is an autosomal recessive LIPA-gene disorder causing lipid buildup, liver disease, and dyslipidemia, treated with sebelipase alfa.
Lysosomal storage disease
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs, lysosomal storage disorders): over 70 inherited metabolic disorders caused by defective lysosomal enzymes or transporters; treated mainly by enzyme replacement therapy since 1991 (Gaucher disease).
Lysosome
Lysosome: membrane-enclosed eukaryotic organelle, the cell's digestive compartment, containing about 50 acid hydrolases active at pH 5 maintained by V-ATPase; discovered by Christian de Duve, linked to lysosomal storage diseases.
Lysozyme
Lysozyme (muramidase, E.C. 3.2.1.17), discovered by Fleming in 1921–1922, is an antimicrobial enzyme hydrolyzing peptidoglycan; hen egg white lysozyme, GRAS-listed, is used in food preservation, packaging, feed, and immunomodulation research.
Lysozyme-like protein 1
Lysozyme-like protein 1: name for human LYZL1 (Q6UWQ5), a testis-enriched c-type lysozyme-like protein on chromosome 10, and for C. elegans lys-1 (O62415), a GH25 defense protein.
LysR-type transcriptional regulator
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs), the largest family of bacterial transcription regulators, are ~300-350 aa coinducer-responsive DNA-binding proteins controlling metabolism, stress, and virulence; named after E. coli LysR.
Lyssa Chapman
Lyssa Chapman, also known as Baby Lyssa, is an American businesswoman, former bail bondswoman, and bounty hunter, born in 1987, daughter of Duane "Dog" Chapman.
Lyssavirus
Lyssavirus is a Rhabdoviridae genus of bullet-shaped negative-sense RNA viruses causing rabies in mammals; rabies virus is the type species, bats are the main reservoirs, and species split into two phylogroups.
Lyst
Lyst is a London-based, inventory-free fashion shopping platform founded in 2010 by Chris Morton, aggregating products from over 27,000 brands; it was acquired in 2025 by Japan's Zozo for $154 million.
Lystad Bay
Lystad Bay: bay 2.5 mi wide on the west side of Horseshoe Island, NE Marguerite Bay, Antarctica; named for Capt. Isak Lystad, first surveyed 1936-37 by the BGLE, site of the Turkish Science Base.
Lystrosaurus
Lystrosaurus, shovel lizard, a dicynodont therapsid that survived the end-Permian extinction and dominated Early Triassic land faunas; endothermic, egg-laying, tusked herbivore known from South Africa, Antarctica, India, and China.
Lysyanka Raion
Lysyanka Raion (Лисянський район) was a raion in northwestern Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, seat Lysianka; created 1923, area 746 km², abolished 2020 into Zvenyhorodka Raion.
Lysyl endopeptidase
Endoproteinase Lys-C (lysyl endopeptidase, EC 3.4.21.50) is a lysine-specific serine protease from Lysobacter enzymogenes that cleaves C-terminal to lysine, including Lys-Pro bonds, tolerates 8 M urea, and is widely used with trypsin in bottom-up proteomics and antibody peptide mapping.
Lysyl oxidase
Lysyl oxidase (LOX, protein-lysine 6-oxidase), with LOXL1-4, is a copper-dependent amine oxidase family using an LTQ cofactor to cross-link collagen and elastin; key in fibrosis, cancer metastasis, and connective tissue disease.
Lyten
Lyten is an American advanced-materials company founded in 2015 and based in San Jose, California, that develops lithium-sulfur batteries built on its proprietary 3D Graphene platform.
Lythraceae
Lythraceae, the loosestrife family (Myrtales), is a family of 28 genera and ca. 625 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees, including pomegranate (Punica), henna (Lawsonia), crepe myrtle (Lagerstroemia), and water chestnut (Trapa).
Lythrum
Lythrum, the loosestrifes, is a genus of about 35-40 Lythraceae herbs of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, often heterostylous; its species L. salicaria (purple loosestrife) is a major North American wetland invader.
Lythrum salicaria
Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) is a Eurasian wetland perennial, invasive in North America since the early 1800s, tristylous, producing up to 2.5 million seeds per plant and forming dense stands; its ecological impacts are debated.
Lytic cycle
Lytic cycle: the bacteriophage reproduction mode in which a phage attaches, injects its genome, replicates, assembles new virions, and lyses the host cell; contrasted with lysogeny and central to phage therapy.
Lytico-bodig disease
Lytico-bodig disease, also called ALS/PDC or Guam disease, is a neurodegenerative ALS-parkinsonism-dementia syndrome endemic to the Chamorro people of Guam, peaking in the 1950s and linked to the cycad toxin BMAA hypothesis.
Lytoceras
Lytoceras (Suess, 1865), type species Ammonites fimbriatus Sowerby 1817, an extinct lytoceratid ammonite genus with an evolute, finely ribbed shell and complex sutures, ranging from the Sinemurian to the Cenomanian worldwide.
Lytro
Lytro was an American camera company founded by Ren Ng that made light-field cameras allowing photos to be refocused after the shot, before winding down in 2018.
Lytt I. Gardner
Lytt I. Gardner (Lytt Irvine Gardner, 1917–1986) was an American pediatric endocrinologist and SUNY Upstate professor whose 1950 study ended infant formula tetany; he won the 1961 E. Mead Johnson Award.
Lyttelton, New Zealand
Lyttelton (Ōhinehou) is a historic port town on Whakaraupō/Lyttelton Harbour, Banks Peninsula, near Christchurch, New Zealand. Founded 1849, arrival point of the 1850 First Four Ships, South Island's largest port, epicentre area of the 2011 earthquake.
Lyttleton Constitution
The Lyttleton Constitution was the 1954 constitution of colonial Nigeria, named for Colonial Secretary Oliver Lyttelton, which established a federation of regions and remained in force until independence in 1960.