All articles starting with M

Multi-club ownership

Multi-club ownership (MCO): one investor controls several football clubs across leagues, led by City Football Group and Red Bull. UEFA Article 5 bars related clubs from the same competition; studies find no automatic sporting gains.

Multi-component reaction

A multicomponent reaction (MCR) is a chemical reaction in which three or more starting materials combine in one vessel to form a product incorporating most of their atoms.

Multi-contact locomotion

Multi-contact locomotion is a mode of legged-robot movement, usually by humanoids, that uses hands or the torso along with the feet to climb stairs with a handrail, crawl, and climb ladders.

Multi-core processor

A multi-core processor, also known as a multicore CPU or chip-level multiprocessor, is a single integrated circuit containing two or more cores that share caches and run instruction streams in parallel.

Multi-crew pilot licence

The multi-crew pilot license (MPL) is a commercial pilot license defined by ICAO in 2006 that qualifies a pilot to act as co-pilot in commercial air transport on multi-crew aeroplanes.

Multi-criteria decision analysis

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), also called multi-criteria analysis, is a family of methods that evaluates alternatives against several conflicting criteria to support choice, ranking, or sorting decisions.

Multi-document summarization

Multi-document summarization (MDS) is a natural language processing task that produces one summary from a cluster of related documents, resolving redundancy and merging complementary information.

Oct 20, 2026

Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB, MDR/RR-TB): TB strains resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid; about 390,000 incident cases and 150,000 deaths in 2024, treated with 6-month BPaLM.

Multi-factor authentication

Multi-factor authentication (MFA), also called two-factor authentication, is a security method requiring two or more identity proofs, like a password plus a code or biometric, before access is granted.

Multi-factor model

A multi-factor model is a statistical model explaining asset returns as a linear function of several common factors, used in finance for pricing and risk analysis.

Multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization

Multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization (MFBO) is a method for optimizing expensive black-box functions when cheaper, less accurate approximations, such as low-fidelity simulations, are available, cutting evaluation costs.

Multi-frequency signaling

Multi-frequency signaling (MF) is an in-band telephone trunk signaling method that carries dialed digits as tone pairs; the Bell System introduced it after World War II.

Multi-function printer

A multi-function printer (MFP), also called an all-in-one printer, combines printing, scanning, copying, and sometimes faxing in one machine, typically a laser or inkjet engine with an integrated scanner.

Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System

The Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), originally the MTSAT Satellite-based Augmentation System, is Japan's satellite-based augmentation system, broadcasting GPS correction and integrity data to aircraft from geostationary satellites since 2007.

Multi-group analysis

Multi-group analysis (MGA) is a structural equation modeling technique that estimates a model separately for predefined subgroups and tests whether path coefficients, loadings, or means differ across groups.

Multi-head attention

Multi-head attention is a neural network mechanism, introduced in the 2017 paper Attention Is All You Need, that runs several attention operations in parallel and forms the Transformer's attention layer.

Multi-head latent attention

Multi-head latent attention (MLA) is an attention mechanism for transformer language models, introduced by DeepSeek-AI in May 2024, that compresses the KV cache into a small latent vector per token.

Multi-label classification

Multi-label classification is a supervised machine learning task assigning each instance one or more labels at once, applied to text categorization, gene analysis, and search engines.

Multi-level cell

A multi-level cell (MLC) is a NAND flash memory cell that stores two bits per cell across four voltage states, trading higher storage density for slower writes and shorter lifespan.

Multi-level marketing

Multi-level marketing (MLM), also called network marketing, is a sales method in which participants earn from their own sales and commissions on the sales of people they recruit.

Multi-link operation

Multi-link operation (MLO) is a defining feature of Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be) that lets a device use several radio links at once for higher throughput and lower latency.

Multi-link suspension

Multi-link suspension, also called four-link suspension, is an independent wheel suspension using three or more separate links per wheel, used chiefly at the rear axle.

Multi-material topology optimization

Multi-material topology optimization is a computational design method that determines a structure's layout and which of several materials occupies each region, first formulated by Thomsen in 1993.

Multi-messenger astronomy

Multi-messenger astronomy combines observations carried by electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays; landmarks include supernova SN 1987A, the 2017 neutron star merger GW170817, and the blazar TXS 0506+056.

Multi-messenger source modeling

Multi-messenger source modeling builds self-consistent models of astrophysical sources, using coupled kinetic equations for protons, electrons, and secondaries to predict gamma-ray, neutrino, and cosmic-ray outputs together.

Multi-mission Affordable Capacity Effector

The Multi-mission Affordable Capacity Effector (MACE) is a United States Navy program to procure a low-cost, air-launched hypersonic strike missile for carrier-based fighters, with Castelion's Blackbeard as the first candidate.

Multi-mode and convertible tunnel boring shields

A multi-mode or convertible tunnel boring shield is a tunnel boring machine that switches between open, EPB, and slurry modes in a single drive through alternating soft ground and rock.

Multi-mode optical fiber

Multi-mode optical fiber is an optical fiber with a large core, typically 50 or 62.5 µm, that carries many light paths at once and suits short, lower-cost data links.

Multi-National Force – Iraq

Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF-I) was the US-led coalition command in Iraq from May 2004 to end-2008, authorized by UN Resolution 1546, replacing CJTF-7 and overseeing MNC-I and MNSTC-I before its mandate expired under Resolution 1790.