All articles starting with M
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Musanga
Musanga is an African genus of Urticaceae with two species; the type, Musanga cecropioides (African corkwood, umbrella tree; synonym Musanga smithii), is a fast-growing stilt-rooted pioneer tree of wet tropical Africa used for light timber, pulp, and traditional medicine.
Musar literature
Musar literature (Hebrew: ספרות המוסר, sifrut ha-musar) is didactic Jewish ethical writing from the Middle Ages onward; its most widespread book is Mesillat Yesharim, printed in 1740.
Musarna
Musarna (Civita Musarna): Etrusco-Roman city about 10 km west of Viterbo, founded by Tarquinia late 4th century BC, occupied to the 7th century AD, excavated 1983–2003 by the École française de Rome.
Musart
Discos Musart is a Mexican record label founded in 1948 by Eduardo Baptista in Mexico City, a leading catalog of Regional Mexican music owned by Concord since 2016.
Musashi Seimitsu Industry
Musashi Seimitsu Industry is a Japanese automotive and motorcycle parts manufacturer founded in 1938, headquartered in Toyohashi, Aichi, known for differential assemblies, transmission gears, and ball joints.
Musawwarat es-Sufra
Musawwarat es-Sufra (Al-Musawwarat) is a large temple complex of Meroitic Kush in Sudan, best known for the labyrinthine Great Enclosure and a temple to the lion god Apedemak.
Muscapèu
Muscapèu (Muscapeau), lieu-dit in Tourves, Var, France, site of a Gallo-Roman villa and potter's kiln (1st–2nd centuries), classified Monument Historique in 1957; also a modern 120-hectare guesthouse estate and vine-growing company of the same name.
Muscar-Soto Gas Pipeline
The Muscar-Soto Gas Pipeline is a 129 km, 26-inch natural gas pipeline in Venezuela, owned by PDVSA, linking Muscar in Monagas state to the Anaco hub.
Muscardine
Muscardine, or moscardino, is a fungal disease of silkworms named for the colored spore layer on mummified cadavers; white muscardine is caused by Beauveria bassiana, first proven pathogenic by Agostino Bassi in 1835.
Muscardinus
Muscardinus (Kaup, 1829) is a dormouse genus (Gliridae, Leithiinae) with one living species, the hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius, native to Europe and N Turkey, fossil record from the Middle Miocene.
Muscari
Muscari (grape hyacinths) is a genus of about 85 species of bulbous Asparagaceae native from Europe and the Mediterranean to Central Asia, named for the musk scent of many species, with five subgenera after 2023 phylogenetic reclassification.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs, M1–M5) are five G protein-coupled receptors activated by acetylcholine; M1/M3/M5 couple to Gq and M2/M4 to Gi/o, with a highly conserved orthosteric site that long blocked subtype-selective drugs until xanomeline-based Cobenfy was FDA-approved for schizophrenia in 2024.
Muscarinic antagonist
Muscarinic antagonist (antimuscarinic, anticholinergic): a drug that competitively blocks acetylcholine at M1-M5 muscarinic receptors. Derived from Solanaceae alkaloids like atropine; used for overactive bladder, COPD, motion sickness, and schizophrenia (COBENFY).
Muscarinic mushroom poisoning
Muscarinic mushroom poisoning, or muscarine poisoning, is early-onset cholinergic mushroom poisoning from Inocybe and Clitocybe species; symptoms begin within two hours and atropine is the specific antidote.
Muscat (grape)
Muscat, also known as Moscato, is an ancient family of more than 200 grape varieties known for their floral, musky aroma, used as wine grapes, table grapes, and raisins.
Muscat (مسقط)
Muscat (مسقط), capital of Oman on the Gulf of Oman, historic port held by Portugal until 1650; governorate of six wilayats, about 1.55 million people, low-density linear sprawl, Greater Muscat Structure Plan and planned metro.
Muscat and Oman
Muscat and Oman was the official name of the Al Said-ruled Omani state until 1970, pairing the coastal sultanate of Muscat with the Ibadhi imamate interior; renamed Sultanate of Oman under Qaboos.
Muscat International Airport (مطار مسقط الدولي)
Muscat International Airport (مطار مسقط الدولي), formerly Seeb International Airport, is the main airport of Oman, about 30 kilometers west of Muscat, and the hub of Oman Air.
Muscat Stock Exchange
The Muscat Stock Exchange (MSX) is Oman's national securities exchange, wholly owned by the Oman Investment Authority and created in 2021 from the Muscat Securities Market founded in 1988.
Muschelkalk
Muschelkalk, German for "bivalve limestone," is a Middle Triassic marine rock unit deposited across Central Europe for about six million years, forming the middle part of the Germanic Triassic with the Buntsandstein and Keuper.
Muscicapa
Muscicapa (Brisson 1760) is a genus of Old World flycatchers, type species the Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata. Molecular work shows it non-monophyletic, of African origin c. 7.4 Ma, later colonizing Eurasia.
Muscicapidae
Muscicapidae, the Old World flycatchers and chats (Fleming, 1822), is a passerine family of small insectivorous birds across Europe, Asia and Africa, including robins, nightingales and wheatears, defined by perch-and-sally flycatching and revised by 2023 phylogenomics.
Muscidae
Muscidae, the house fly family (house flies, muscid flies), is a species-rich dipteran family of Calyptratae with over 5000 species, defined by loss of female post-abdominal spiracles, radiating 61-41 Ma.
Muscimol
Muscimol (3-hydroxy-5-aminomethylisoxazole) is the psychoactive isoxazole of Amanita muscaria, a potent GABAA receptor agonist structurally related to GABA, used as a neuroscience research tool and radioligand, not approved clinically or as a food ingredient.
Muscle
Muscle: contractile animal tissue in three types, skeletal (voluntary, striated, ~40% of body weight), cardiac (involuntary, intercalated disks), and smooth (involuntary, nonstriated); contracts via actin-myosin sliding filaments; ages into sarcopenia.
Muscle (film)
Muscle (2019) is a British black-and-white psychological thriller by Gerard Johnson, starring Cavan Clerkin and Craig Fairbrass, about a personal trainer taking over a client's life; distinct from the Vin Diesel STX project.
Muscle atrophy
Muscle atrophy, also called muscle wasting, is the loss of muscle tissue from disuse, aging (sarcopenia), disease, or nerve injury, driven by ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy protein breakdown; exercise reverses physiologic forms.
Muscle atrophy in microgravity
Muscle atrophy in microgravity is the rapid loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength in weightlessness, managed by NASA as a flight risk with daily exercise countermeasures.
Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System
The Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System (MARES) is a European Space Agency facility on the International Space Station that measures astronauts' muscle force and speed.
Muscle Beach
Muscle Beach, the Original Muscle Beach, is an outdoor gymnastics and fitness area just south of the Santa Monica Pier, active from the 1930s, closed 1959, rededicated 1989; distinct from Muscle Beach Venice.