All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Mutual intelligibility
Mutual intelligibility: speakers of two related language varieties understand each other without study. Graded, often asymmetric (Danes understand Swedish better than reverse); exposure is the strongest predictor; basis of Ethnologue's language-dialect criterion.
Mutual legal assistance treaty
Mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT), a bilateral or multilateral agreement obliging states to assist each other's criminal investigations and prosecutions by obtaining evidence, testimony, records, and asset measures abroad, distinct from discretionary letters rogatory.
Mutual Responsibility System of Five and Ten Households
The Mutual Responsibility System of Five and Ten Households (什伍连坐法) was a collective-liability policy of Warring States Qin, introduced by Shang Yang, under which groups of five and ten households had to report each member's crimes.
Mutual TLS
Mutual TLS (mTLS) is a mode of TLS in which both peers present X.509 certificates and verify each other, used for machine-to-machine authentication in service meshes.
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism (biology): interspecific +/+ interaction benefiting both partners; term coined by van Beneden 1873. Obligate vs facultative forms; stability maintained against cheaters via sanctions, partner choice, and by-product benefits.
Mutualism (economic theory)
Mutualism, or anarchist mutualism, is an economic theory rooted in Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's writings that favors cooperatives, interest-free mutual credit, and equal exchange over capitalist wage labor.
Mutually orthogonal Latin squares
Mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS) are sets of Latin squares in which any two superimposed give every ordered symbol pair exactly once, a combinatorial design concept.
Mutually unbiased bases
Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are quantum bases whose measurements are maximally complementary: certainty in one basis gives uniform outcome probabilities in another, used in tomography and cryptography.
Mutulu Shakur
Mutulu Shakur (born Jeral Williams, 1950) was a Black liberation activist, acupuncturist, and Tupac Shakur's stepfather; convicted under RICO in 1988, sentenced to 60 years, denied parole and compassionate release, and died of bone marrow cancer in 2023.
Mutus (lunar crater)
Mutus is a 76.33 km impact crater on the Moon's southern highlands near the south pole, named by Riccioli after the Mallorcan astronomer Vicenç Mut (died 1673), IAU-approved 1935, with satellite crater Mutus A.
Mutya Buena
Mutya Buena (Rosa Isabel Mutya Buena, born 1985) is an English singer, founding Sugababes member 1998-2005, solo album Real Girl (2007), MKS reunion 2012, name regained 2019.
MUTYH
MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase, MYH) is a chromosome 1 DNA base excision repair gene; biallelic mutations cause MUTYH-associated polyposis, an autosomal recessive colorectal cancer syndrome.
Muusoctopus
Muusoctopus is a genus of about 28 deep-sea, ink-sac-less octopuses (Enteroctopodidae) established by Gleadall in 2004; species such as the pearl octopus M. robustus gather in thousands at hydrothermal springs, including the Octopus Garden off California, to brood eggs.
Muv-Luv (マブラヴ)
Muv-Luv (マブラヴ) is a 2003 Japanese visual novel by âge with the Extra school-romance and Unlimited war arcs, completed by Muv-Luv Alternative (2006); English Steam release 2016, over one million series copies sold.
Muv-Luv Girls Garden (マブラヴ ガールズガーデン)
Muv-Luv Girls Garden (マブラヴ ガールズガーデン, Mabugaru) is a free-to-play full-auto idle RPG by EXNOA and KMS on DMM GAMES, launched in Japan September 3, 2025; an amnesiac commander leads girls piloting Maze Guarder mechs in the underground Maze, with a global Steam release planned Q4 2026.
Muvarula
Muvarula (மூவருலா) is a set of three 12th-century Tamil court poems by Ottakkuttar honoring three successive Chola kings, and is widely considered the best of the ula genre.
Müveddet Kadın
Müveddet Kadın (Müveddet Kadınefendi, later Müveddet Çiftçi) was a consort of Sultan Mehmed VI, the last Ottoman sultan, and mother of his only son, Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul; exiled in 1924, she regained Turkish citizenship in 1949.
Muwashshah
The muwashshah (موشح) is a strophic Arabic song and poetry genre from al-Andalus, its literary form dating to the 9th century and its sung tradition blossoming in Aleppo in the 17th.
Muwatalli I
Muwatalli I, also written Muwattalli I, was a poorly attested Hittite king of the late Middle Kingdom, killed in a palace coup by his officials.
Muwatalli II
Muwatalli II was a king of the Hittite Empire who reigned from about 1295 to 1272 BC, fought Ramesses II at Kadesh in 1274 BC, and moved the capital to Tarhuntassa.
Muwatalli of Gurgum
Muwatalli, also written Muwattalli II and rendered Mutalli in Assyrian sources, was a ninth-century BC king of Gurgum, a Neo-Hittite kingdom at modern Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
Muwatta Imam Malik
The Muwatta Imam Malik, also called Muwatta Malik (الموطأ), is one of the earliest works of Islamic law, compiled by Malik ibn Anas in Medina around 776 CE.
Muweilah
Muweilah, also spelled Muwailih, is a fortified Iron Age II settlement in Sharjah emirate, United Arab Emirates, occupied from about 850 BC until destroyed by fire.
Muweis
Muweis, also spelled El-Muweis, is a Meroitic city on the Nile in Sudan's Shendi region, with a royal palace and a temple of Natakamani and Amanitore.
Muxe
Muxe (muxhe, "moo-shey") is the third-gender role of the Zapotec people of Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico: people assigned male at birth who take feminine social roles, central to family, festivals, and the matrifocal isthmus economy.
Muxi (沐曦股份) (company)
Muxi (沐曦股份) is a Shanghai-based fabless designer of data-center GPUs for AI training, inference, and graphics, founded in September 2020 by former AMD executives led by Chen Weiliang.
Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassani
Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassani, also written al-Ghassaniy, was a Swahili poet of Mombasa who lived from 1776 to 1840 and wrote anti-Omani political verse in the mashairi form.
Muyao 4 Super Playing (木曜4超玩)
Muyao 4 Super Playing (木曜4超玩) is a Taiwanese online reality variety show by LaMoCa internet TV, live Thursdays since March 2015, famous for the One Day Series with host Tai Chih-yuan; first Taiwanese YouTube reality-variety channel to one million subscribers (2018), hit by a 2023 mass staff departure.
MÜYAP
MÜYAP (MÜ-YAP), the Professional Union of Connected Rightsholder Phonogram Producers, is the Turkish professional association of recorded-music producers, founded in Istanbul in 2000, which collects and distributes royalties for member companies and fights piracy.
Muybridge motion studies
The Muybridge motion studies were photographic experiments by Eadweard Muybridge, 1872 to 1887, first proving that a galloping horse lifts all four hooves off the ground.