All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
Myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (MEI, formerly benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy) is a rare self-limited epilepsy with myoclonic seizures starting between 4 months and 3 years in normal infants, remitting within 6 months to 5 years.
Myoclonus
Myoclonus: brief, shock-like involuntary muscle jerks (10–50 ms), positive or negative (asterixis). Classified as physiological, essential, epileptic, symptomatic, or psychogenic; cortical, subcortical, spinal, or peripheral by generator; diagnosed with video-EEG/polygraphy.
Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome
Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS, DYT11) is a rare genetic movement disorder combining lightning-like myoclonus with mild to moderate dystonia, childhood onset, mainly SGCE mutations with maternal imprinting, alcohol-responsive myoclonus, and pallidal DBS for refractory cases.
Myoconcha
Myoconcha (Sowerby, 1824) is an extinct genus of kalenterid bivalve molluscs, type species M. crassa, known from Permian to Late Cretaceous marine strata; a semi-infaunal byssate suspension feeder with non-planktotrophic larvae.
Myocutaneous flap
A myocutaneous flap, or musculocutaneous flap, is a compound flap of muscle with overlying skin transferred on the muscle's blood supply to reconstruct tissue defects.
Myocutaneous flap necrosis
Myocutaneous flap necrosis, also called flap necrosis or skin paddle necrosis, is death of transferred skin-muscle tissue from vascular compromise; venous congestion kills flaps within 3 hours, rates range from about 7-12% in free flaps, and smoking, diabetes, and radiotherapy raise risk.
Myocyte of sinoatrial node
Sinoatrial node myocyte (pacemaker cell, P cell): specialized small cardiac muscle cell of the heart's SAN that spontaneously generates impulses via membrane and calcium clocks, setting heart rate at 60–100 bpm.
MyoD family inhibitor/MyoD family inhibitor domain-containing protein
MyoD family inhibitor proteins (MDFI/I-mfa, MDFIC, MDFIC2): homologous transcriptional regulators that repress MyoD-family myogenic factors, modulate glucocorticoid receptor and Wnt signaling, act as PIEZO channel auxiliary subunits, and are implicated in cancer, lymphatic development, and neuropathic pain.
Myodes
Myodes (Pallas, 1811), red-backed voles, a Cricetidae rodent genus with type species Mus rutilus; contested against Clethrionomys, 12 species including glareolus, gapperi, rutilus.
Myoelectric prosthesis
A myoelectric prosthesis is an externally powered artificial limb that uses muscle electrical signals from the residual limb to control battery-driven motors at the hand, wrist, or elbow.
Myoendocarditis
Myoendocarditis (心筋心内膜炎) is ICD-11 code BB41, a circulatory-system category for inflammation involving both heart muscle and endocardium, placed in the acute or subacute endocarditis block BB40-BB4Z.
Myoepithelial cell
Myoepithelial cell: contractile epithelial cell with smooth-muscle features lining the outer layer of mammary, salivary, and sweat glands; expels milk via oxytocin, makes laminin-1, and suppresses tumor invasion.
Myofascial pain syndrome
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), also called chronic myofascial pain, is a chronic muscle and fascia pain condition marked by trigger points causing localized and referred pain. Distinguished from fibromyalgia by regional pain; diagnosed clinically; treated with physical therapy, dry needling, injections, and medications.
Myofascial release
Myofascial release (MFR), also called myofascial release therapy, is a manual therapy applying low-load, long-duration stretch to muscle and fascia. Term coined by Robert Ward in the 1960s; evidence shows modest pain and ROM benefits but no measurable change in tissue stiffness.
Myofascial trigger point
Myofascial trigger point (MTrP): hyperirritable spot in a taut band of skeletal muscle causing local and referred pain and a local twitch response; defined by Travell and Simons, diagnosed clinically, treated with dry needling or injection.
Myofibril
Myofibril: the ~1 µm-wide cylindrical contractile organelle of striated muscle, built from 2.2–2.5 µm sarcomeres of actin and myosin filaments; sliding-filament ATP-driven contraction, titin mechanosensing, and myofibrillar myopathy.
Myofunctional therapy
Myofunctional therapy, also called orofacial myofunctional therapy, is a behavioral treatment using repeated tongue, lip, and throat exercises to correct orofacial myofunctional disorder, including tongue thrust and sleep apnea.
MYOG
MYOG (myogenin) is the human chromosome 1 gene encoding myogenin, a bHLH myogenic regulatory factor identified in 1989 that drives terminal skeletal muscle differentiation by binding E-boxes with E-proteins.
Myogenesis
Myogenesis is the biological process defining muscle tissue formation, involving cell proliferation and fusion to create myotubes. It is critical during embryonic development and resident stem cell repair.
Myogenic factor
Myogenic factors (MRFs: MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, MRF4/Myf6) are muscle-specific bHLH transcription factors that determine and differentiate skeletal muscle lineage, binding E-box DNA with E-proteins; MyoD, found in 1987, reprograms fibroblasts to muscle.
Myoglobin
Myoglobin (Mb) is a ~17 kDa monomeric heme globin in cardiac and skeletal muscle that reversibly binds oxygen (p50 2.8 torr, noncooperative), stores O2 in diving mammals, and acts in NO and lipid metabolism; first protein structure solved (Kendrew, 1959).
Myography
Myography is a laboratory method that measures the contractile force of isolated muscle or blood-vessel tissue, most commonly as isometric tension in an organ bath or as diameter change in a pressurized vessel.
Myohalovirus
Myohalovirus is a genus of contractile-tailed dsDNA archaeal viruses (family Vertoviridae, class Caudoviricetes) infecting haloarchaea; species include phiH of Halobacterium salinarum and phiCh1 of Natrialba magadii.
Myōjō
Myōjō (明星, "Morning Star") was a monthly Japanese literary magazine centered on poetry, published in Tokyo from 1900 to 1908 by Yosano Tekkan's New Poetry Society.
Myokosan
Myokosan (妙高山) is a 2,454 m active stratovolcano in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, with a 3-km summit caldera and lava dome, active about 300,000 years, no historical eruptions, fumarolic Jigokudani area.
Myokymia
Myokymia is involuntary, fine, rippling muscle contraction from repetitive motor-unit discharges; eyelid myokymia, the commonest form, is a benign eyelid twitch triggered by fatigue, stress, and caffeine, treated with botulinum toxin if persistent.
Myolie Wu
Myolie Wu Hang-yee (胡杏兒, Hu Xing'er), Hong Kong actress and singer born 1979; Miss Hong Kong 1999 third place, TVB's first 2011 Triple TV Queen, later mainland dramas and Sisters Who Make Waves.
Myometrial cell
Myometrial cell: smooth muscle cell of the uterine myometrium (myometrium smooth muscle cell) that contracts spontaneously. Distinguished by progesterone block, oxytocin receptor signaling, connexin 43 coupling, and phenotype switching across pregnancy.
Myon & Shane 54
Myon & Shane 54, also known as MS54, were a Hungarian trance duo formed in Budapest in 2008, known for mashup-heavy vocal trance and splitting in 2016.
Myong J. Joun
Myong J. Joun, also known as Myong Jin Joun, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in Massachusetts since 2023, after nine years on the Boston Municipal Court.