All articles starting with M
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Myongsoo Lee
Myongsoo Lee (이명수) is a South Korean supramolecular chemist who studies self-assembling nanostructures from aromatic amphiphiles, and has been a professor at Fudan University in Shanghai since 2019, after posts at Yonsei and Seoul National University.
Myopathic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Myopathic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, also known as the EDS/myopathy overlap syndrome, is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder causing congenital muscle weakness that improves over time.
Myopathy
Myopathy is disease of skeletal muscle causing weakness, cramps, and stiffness, divided into inherited forms (congenital, mitochondrial, metabolic, dystrophies) and acquired forms (inflammatory, toxic, endocrine, infectious), diagnosed with CK, EMG, MRI, and biopsy.
Myopathy and diabetes mellitus
Myopathy and diabetes mellitus (ORPHA:2596, mitochondrial myopathy with diabetes) is a rare mtDNA-related mitochondrial myopathy caused by MT-TE tRNA-Glu mutations, chiefly m.14709T>C, combining proximal facial and scapular-girdle weakness with insulin-dependent diabetes, maternally inherited.
Myopericarditis
Myopericarditis is primarily pericarditis with minor myocardial involvement, the reverse of perimyocarditis; usually viral (Coxsackie B), diagnosed by troponin elevation without LV dysfunction, with generally good prognosis.
Myopericytoma
Myopericytoma: rare benign pericytic (perivascular) soft tissue tumor of myoid spindle cells with concentric perivascular growth, usually a painless nodule of the extremities; also called glomangiopericytoma-related perivascular myoma; malignancy very rare, treated by excision.
Myophoria
Myophoria (Bronn in Alberti, 1834) is an extinct Triassic trigonoid bivalve genus, type species M. vulgaris, family Myophoriidae, ranging Induan to Rhaetian across Europe, Asia, and North America, abundant in the Muschelkalk and extinct at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary.
Myos Hormos
Myos Hormos, also known as Mios Hormos, was a Red Sea port in Roman Egypt, identified with Quseir al-Qadim and central to trade with India.
MyoScience
MyoScience was a Fremont, California medical device company, founded in 2005, that developed the iovera° cryoanalgesia system for opioid-free nerve-pain treatment; Pacira BioSciences acquired it in 2019 for $120 million.
Myosclerosis
Myosclerosis (congenital myosclerosis, Löwenthal type, OMIM 255600) is a rare autosomal recessive, non-dystrophic myopathy caused by COL6A2 mutations, with progressive woody muscle contractures, toe walking, and collagen VI deficiency on biopsy.
Myosin
Myosin: actin-based ATPase motor protein family, first named by Kühne in 1864; powers muscle contraction and cargo transport; over 30 classes, 38 human genes, disease-linked.
Myosin regulatory light chain
Myosin regulatory light chain (RLC, MLC2; genes MYL2, MYL7, MYLPF, MYL9, MYL12A/B) is a ~19-20 kDa EF-hand protein on the myosin lever arm whose MLCK-driven phosphorylation switches smooth muscle contraction and modulates cardiac and skeletal contraction.
Myosin storage myopathy
Myosin storage myopathy, also called hyaline body myopathy (OMIM 608358), is a rare congenital myopathy caused by MYH7 mutations in the distal rod, with myosin-rich hyaline bodies in type 1 fibers and slowly progressive weakness.
Myosin tail
Myosin tail: the C-terminal domain of myosin heavy chains, also called the globular tail domain (GTD) in myosin V/XI, responsible for cargo binding and heavy-chain dimerization, with class-specific modules such as MyTH4-FERM.
Myosin-binding protein
Myosin-binding proteins (MyBPs): MyBP-C (C-protein), MyBP-H, and MyBP-HL, thick-filament proteins of striated muscle sarcomeres binding myosin via C-terminal Ig domains in 43-nm C-zone stripes; MYBPC3 mutations cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Myosin-light-chain phosphatase
Myosin-light-chain phosphatase (MLCP, myosin phosphatase) is a trimeric PP1 holoenzyme (PP1cδ, MYPT1, M20) that dephosphorylates myosin II regulatory light chain Ser19, regulating smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization via ROCK and CPI-17.
Myositis
Myositis is inflammation or swelling of the muscles, most often caused by injury, infection, medicines, or an autoimmune disorder, with muscle weakness the primary symptom.
Myosotis
Myosotis (forget-me-nots) is a genus of about 80–100 species of hairy Boraginaceae herbs with blue five-lobed flowers and four nutlets, of Northern Hemisphere origin, radiating in New Zealand where most native species are threatened.
Myospalax
Myospalax (zokors) is a genus of subterranean Spalacidae rodents with three species (aspalax, myospalax, psilurus) from northeast China, Mongolia, and Russia, adapted to hypoxic burrows and split climatically from Eospalax.
Myospherulosis
Myospherulosis, also called spherulocytosis or subcutaneous spherulocystic disease, is a rare benign foreign-body reaction in which lipid-altered red blood cells form spherule-filled parent bodies, usually after petrolatum-based surgical packing.
Myostatin
Myostatin (MSTN, GDF-8), a TGF-β superfamily protein that limits skeletal muscle growth; loss-of-function mutations cause double muscling in Belgian Blue cattle, and inhibitors led to the 2026 FDA approval of apitegromab for SMA.
MyoSuit
The MyoSuit is a soft, textile-based powered exosuit assisting hip and knee extension, developed at ETH Zurich, commercialized by MyoSwiss AG in 2017, and marketed as a CE-marked medical device in Europe.
Myothugi system
The myothugi system was the network of hereditary town headmen who ruled precolonial Burmese local government from the Pagan period until British colonial rule reorganized administration.
Myotis
Myotis, the mouse-eared bats, is the most speciose bat genus with about 137–139 insectivorous species on every continent except Antarctica, originating in East Asia and showing repeated convergent ecomorph evolution.
Myotome
Myotome: the group of skeletal muscles innervated by one spinal nerve ventral root, and the somite compartment forming skeletal muscle; used clinically to localize radiculopathy, though maps vary between patients.
Myotomy
Myotomy, including cricopharyngeal myotomy, is a surgical operation that divides sphincter muscle to relieve obstruction, performed openly or endoscopically in forms such as Heller myotomy, POEM, and pyloromyotomy.
Myotonia
Myotonia (ICD-11 MB47.9) is delayed muscle relaxation after contraction, from sarcolemmal ion-channel hyperexcitability. Seen in myotonic dystrophies DM1/DM2 and non-dystrophic myotonias such as myotonia congenita; diagnosed by EMG myotonic discharges and genetic testing.
Myotonia fluctuans
Myotonia fluctuans, also called exercise-induced delayed-onset myotonia, is a rare autosomal dominant SCN4A (Nav1.4) sodium channel myotonia with fluctuating stiffness after exercise and potassium ingestion, no weakness or cold sensitivity.
Myotonia permanens
Myotonia permanens, a severe persistent form of potassium-aggravated myotonia, is an autosomal dominant SCN4A (Nav1.4) sodium channelopathy with childhood-onset continuous myotonia, respiratory risk, and the G1306E variant frequent in Chile.
Myotonic disorders
Myotonic disorders (myotonic syndromes) are inherited or acquired muscle disorders with delayed relaxation after contraction. They include myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 (Steinert disease, PROMM) and nondystrophic myotonias such as myotonia congenita.