All articles starting with M
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Macrolide
Macrolides are broad-spectrum antibiotics with a macrolactone ring (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) that bind the 50S ribosomal subunit to block bacterial protein synthesis; first discovered as erythromycin in 1949.
Macrolide biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis is the assembly-line construction of large-ring lactone antibiotics by modular type I polyketide synthases, which add ketide units to create macrolides and reduced polyketides.
Macromedia
Macromedia, Inc. was an American software company formed in 1992 and known for the Flash platform and Dreamweaver web editor, which Adobe acquired in 2005 for $3.4 billion.
Macromedia Flash 8
Macromedia Flash 8 is a web animation and application authoring tool released by Macromedia in September 2005 in Basic and Professional editions, alongside Flash Player 8.
Macromolecular crystallography
Macromolecular crystallography is a diffraction method that determines the three-dimensional atomic structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes from X-ray diffraction patterns of crystallized samples, the workhorse of structural biology.
Macromolecule
A macromolecule, or large molecule, is a molecule of high molecular mass made of repeated units, including plastics and biological molecules like proteins and DNA.
Macron (diacritic)
Macron (diacritic): a straight horizontal bar above a letter, from Greek makrón 'long', marking long vowels in Latin, Māori, and rōmaji; opposite of the breve; Unicode U+0304.
Macron (sportswear)
Macron is a Bologna-based Italian sportswear company founded in 1971, specializing in teamwear and technical sponsorships for football and rugby clubs, national teams, UEFA referees, and World Rugby, with 2025 revenue of €244.4 million.
Macronectes
Macronectes, the giant petrels, a genus of two large Southern Hemisphere Procellariidae seabirds: Southern Giant Petrel M. giganteus and Northern Giant Petrel M. halli, split in 1966, plus the Pliocene fossil M. tinae.
Macronix International Co., Ltd.
Macronix International Co., Ltd. (旺宏电子) is a Taiwanese integrated device manufacturer of non-volatile memory, producing NOR flash, NAND flash, and mask ROM. Miin Wu founded it in 1989.
Macronyssidae
Macronyssidae (Oudemans, 1936) is a family of over 230 blood-feeding mesostigmatid mite species in 35 genera, including the northern fowl mite Ornithonyssus sylviarum, tropical fowl mite O. bursa, and tropical rat mite O. bacoti, parasites of birds, rodents, and bats that also bite humans.
Macronyx
Macronyx is the genus of African longclaws, ground-dwelling Motacillidae birds with bright yellow, orange, or red underparts, described by Swainson in 1827; eight species are listed, including the Endangered, Kenya-endemic Sharpe's Longclaw.
Macrophage
Macrophage: large phagocytic immune cell, also called tissue-resident macrophages (microglia, Kupffer cells, osteoclasts), discovered by Metchnikoff in the 1880s; embryonic yolk-sac origin, self-renewing, M1/M2 polarization, central to immunity, repair, and disease.
Macrophage Activation
Macrophage activation, also called M1/M2 polarization, classical or alternative activation: how macrophages change phenotype in response to IFN-γ, LPS, IL-4, IL-10, and other stimuli, and why the two-subset model is now treated as a continuum.
Macrophage activation syndrome
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a form of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, is a hyperinflammatory complication of rheumatic diseases, chiefly systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and lupus, marked by cytokine storm, hyperferritinemia, cytopenias, and steroid-first treatment.
Macrophage colony stimulating factor-1
Macrophage colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1, M-CSF) is a homodimeric glycoprotein cytokine driving macrophage and osteoclast development via the CSF-1R (c-Fms) receptor, which it shares with IL-34; first purified in 1977.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor
CSF1R (CD115, M-CSF-R, c-Fms) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase binding CSF-1 and IL-34 that controls macrophage, osteoclast, and microglia survival; inhibitors include approved pexidartinib, vimseltinib, and axatilimab.
Macrophage derived foam cell
Macrophage derived foam cell: a lipid-loaded macrophage, also called foam cell, formed by scavenger-receptor uptake of modified LDL and cholesteryl ester accumulation; hallmark of atherosclerosis, also seen in tuberculosis and other infections.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF, also GIF, MMIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine and tautomerase on chromosome 22; it counteracts glucocorticoids, signals via CD74/CD44 and CXCR2/4/7, and is a drug target in sepsis, arthritis, and cancer.
Macrophage stimulating protein
Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP, HGFL, MST1) is a liver-derived serum growth factor, the sole ligand of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase, structurally related to HGF but not cross-reactive, regulating macrophage inflammation and cancer.
Macrophage-expressed gene 1 protein
Macrophage-expressed gene 1 protein (MPEG1, perforin-2, PRF2) is an ancient MACPF-domain pore-forming immune effector of phagolysosomes, active at acidic pH, implicated in antibacterial defense and human mycobacterial infection susceptibility.
Macrophagic myofasciitis
Macrophagic myofasciitis is a rare muscle disease, first described in France in 1998, in which macrophages carrying aluminum vaccine adjuvant persist at injection sites, causing chronic pain and fatigue.
Macrophilia
Macrophilia, also called the macro or GTS (giantess) fetish, is sexual attraction centered on extreme size difference, often giant women. Counterpart microphilia; explored through art and fiction; not a DSM diagnosis.
Macrophyllum
Macrophyllum is a monotypic genus of New World leaf-nosed bats; its single species, the long-legged bat, is the only phyllostomid that trawls insects from the water surface.
Macropodidae
Macropodidae, the kangaroo family of marsupial mammals, includes kangaroos, wallabies, wallaroos, rock-wallabies, pademelons, quokkas, and tree-kangaroos, defined by enlarged hind feet and hopping locomotion across Australia and New Guinea.
Macroptilium
Macroptilium (Benth.) Urb., a genus of 23 accepted herbaceous legumes in Fabaceae native to tropical and subtropical America, close to Phaseolus; includes siratro (M. atropurpureum), burgundy bean, and llanos macro, used as forage, cover crops, and green manure.
Macroptilium atropurpureum
Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro, purple bean, atro; synonym Phaseolus atropurpureus) is a Fabaceae forage legume native from Mexico to western South America, with dark purple flowers, trifoliate leaves, cultivars Siratro and Aztec, and drought-avoidance physiology.
Macropus
Macropus, Shaw's 1790 genus of kangaroos and wallabies (Macropodidae), once held most species; molecular work showed it paraphyletic, splitting it into Macropus, Osphranter, and Notamacropus.
Macroscopic fundamental diagram
The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), or network fundamental diagram, relates vehicle accumulation in an urban network to its trip completion rate, confirmed empirically in Yokohama in 2008.
Macroscopic haematuria
Macroscopic haematuria (visible, gross, or frank haematuria) is blood in the urine seen with the naked eye, unlike microscopic haematuria. It carries higher urological cancer risk (bladder cancer 17% vs 3.3%), requiring cystoscopy and upper tract imaging, with urgent referral from age 45 under NICE.