All articles starting with M

Measles virus

Measles virus (MeV), a Morbillivirus paramyxovirus with a 15,894-nt negative-sense RNA genome, causes the highly contagious febrile rash disease measles; one antigenic type, human-only, vaccine-preventable, resurging since 2025.

Measles without complication

Measles without complication is a clinical classification, ICD-10-CM code B05.9 and ICD-11 code 1F03.0, for measles that runs its course without complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis.

Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, live, attenuated

Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, live, attenuated: WHO-prequalified (since 8 Aug 2003, FVP-P-141) freeze-dried MMR vaccine by Serum Institute of India, Edmonston-Zagreb, Leningrad-Zagreb, and RA 27/3 strains, subcutaneous 0.5 ml dose.

Measurabl

Measurabl is a San Diego software company founded in 2013 that provides a sustainability data platform for real estate, serving over 1,000 customers in more than 90 countries.

Measurable cardinal

A measurable cardinal is an uncountable cardinal carrying a nontrivial two-valued measure, introduced by Stanisław Ulam in 1930; its existence cannot be proved in ZFC and contradicts V = L.

Measurable function

A measurable function, also called a measurable map, is a function between measurable spaces that pulls measurable sets back to measurable sets, the functions that can be integrated.

Sep 29, 2026

Measurable residual disease detection

Measurable residual disease detection is a set of highly sensitive laboratory assays that count the few malignant cells remaining in bone marrow or blood after treatment.

Measurand

A measurand is the quantity intended to be measured, defined in the International Vocabulary of Metrology; it may differ from the quantity a measuring system actually engages.

Measure (mathematics)

In mathematics, a measure is a function assigning a nonnegative number or infinity to subsets of a set, generalizing length, area, and volume; measure theory underlies integration and probability.

MEASURE 1 trial

MEASURE 1 (NCT01358175) is Novartis's phase 3 trial of secukinumab, an anti-IL-17A antibody, in active ankylosing spondylitis: 371 patients, IV loading then subcutaneous 150 or 75 mg, ASAS20 61% vs 29% placebo at week 16, with 5-year extension data.

Measure algebra

A measure algebra is a Boolean σ-algebra with a strictly positive measure, built from measurable sets identified when they differ only by a set of measure zero.

Measure for Measure

Measure for Measure is Shakespeare's dark comedy, first published in the 1623 First Folio and first recorded on 26 December 1604 at James I's court, drawing on Cinthio and Whetstone and often classed as a problem play.

Measure Up 1 trial

Measure Up 1 (NCT03569293) is a phase 3 trial of once-daily upadacitinib 15 mg or 30 mg versus placebo in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis; EASI-75 at week 16 was 70-80% versus 16% on placebo.

Measured Boot

Measured Boot is a boot-security mechanism that records hashes of each firmware and software piece executed during startup into a TPM, enabling remote attestation of what booted.

Sep 29, 2026

Measured resection

Measured resection is a total knee replacement technique in which fixed bone cuts are sized to the patient's anatomy and implant, then ligaments are balanced by release.

Measurement

Measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more quantity values attributed to a quantity, such as mass or temperature; its study is called metrology.

Measurement and disputed heights of waterfalls

Waterfall heights are measured by conventions such as total drop or tallest single drop, and survey quality explains why references disagree by hundreds of meters.

Measurement and verification

Measurement and verification (M&V) quantifies the energy, water, and cost savings from efficiency improvements by comparing post-installation use against a baseline adjusted for weather and occupancy.

Measurement bias

Measurement bias, also called bias, is the estimate of a systematic measurement error that stays constant or varies predictably across replicate measurements, unlike random error, and can be corrected by calibration.

Measurement in quantum mechanics

Measurement in quantum mechanics is the process whereby a quantum system coupled to a measuring device yields one outcome with probabilities given by the Born rule.

Sep 29, 2026

Measurement invariance testing

Measurement invariance testing is a psychometric procedure that checks whether a scale measures the same construct with the same parameters in different groups, using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.

Measurement microphone calibration

Measurement microphone calibration determines a microphone's sound pressure sensitivity in V/Pa or dB relative to 1 V/Pa, using reciprocity, comparison, or newer laser-based methods, governed by IEC 61094.

Measurement model

A measurement model, also called a model of measurement, is the mathematical relation among all quantities involved in a measurement, used to calculate the value of the measurand.

Measurement of democracy

The measurement of democracy turns a contested political concept into comparable numbers, using instruments such as V-Dem, Polity, Freedom House, and the EIU Democracy Index.

Measurement of land in Punjab

Measurement of land in Punjab is the system of local units, such as the karam, marla, kanal, and bigha, used to state field areas in the Punjab region.

Measurement of malapportionment

Measurement of malapportionment covers the indices, including Loosemore–Hanby, Gallagher, Sainte-Laguë, and Samuels–Snyder MAL, that quantify how unequally a legislature's districts are populated and why they disagree.

Measurement problem

The measurement problem is the central unresolved conceptual difficulty of quantum mechanics, arising because the Schrödinger equation predicts superpositions while measurements yield a single definite outcome.

Measurement repeatability

Measurement repeatability is the closeness of agreement between successive measurements of the same quantity under identical conditions, one of the two extremes of precision defined by ISO 5725, the other being reproducibility.

Measurement resolution

Measurement resolution is the smallest change in a measured quantity that causes a perceptible change in an instrument's indication, distinct from accuracy and precision.