All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Metabolism of serotonin
Metabolism of serotonin: biosynthesis from tryptophan via TPH and AADC, and degradation mainly by MAO-A to 5-HIAA, plus melatonin, kynurenine, and conjugation routes; also the C. elegans parallel pathway.
Metabolism of steroid hormones
Metabolism of steroid hormones: the cholesterol-to-pregnenolone biosynthetic network (Reactome R-HSA-196071, KEGG hsa00140) plus phase 1/2 inactivation, conjugation, and urinary excretion of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens.
Metabolism of steroids
Metabolism of steroids: the human pathways synthesizing cholesterol-derived steroids (bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamin D) via CYP and HSD enzymes, and their phase 1 and phase 2 modification and excretion.
Metabolism of vitamin K
Metabolism of vitamin K (vitamin K cycle, GO:0042373): GGCX γ-carboxylates vitamin K-dependent proteins while VKORC1 recycles vitamin K epoxide; warfarin blocks VKOR. Covers absorption, excretion, MK-4 conversion, and VKORC1L1.
Metabolome
Metabolome: the complete, dynamic set of small-molecule metabolites in a cell, tissue, or organism; studied by metabolomics using NMR, LC-MS, and GC-MS; MeSH term D055442 introduced 2009.
Metabolomics
Metabolomics: large-scale study of small-molecule metabolites (the metabolome). Covers MS/NMR platforms, targeted vs untargeted assays, HMDB, dark metabolome, UK Biobank 500k NMR data, and clinical biomarker delivery.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs, mGlu1–mGlu8) are class C G protein-coupled receptors for glutamate, in three groups (I: mGlu1/5, Gq; II: mGlu2/3; III: mGlu4/6/7/8, Gi/o), cloned in 1991, modulating synaptic transmission and targeted by subtype-selective drugs.
Metabromsalan
Metabromsalan (3,5-dibromosalicylanilide, CAS 2577-72-2) is a halogenated salicylanilide formerly used in antibacterial soaps; a potent photosensitizer, its US drug products were removed in 1975 and cosmetics containing it are deemed adulterated.
Metacarpal bones
Metacarpal bones (metacarpals): the five palm bones of each hand connecting wrist to fingers and thumb, numbered 1-5, each with head, neck, shaft, base; commonly fractured, boxer's fracture hits the fifth.
Metacaspase
Metacaspases are clan CD cysteine proteases of plants, fungi, and protists, related to but distinct from animal caspases; they cleave after arginine or lysine, are monomeric and calcium-dependent, and regulate cell death, proteostasis, immunity, and development.
Metacentric height
The metacentric height (GM) is the vertical distance between a floating body's center of gravity and its metacenter, the standard measure of a ship's initial stability.
Metacercaria
A metacercaria is the encysted juvenile stage of a trematode fluke that forms after the tailed cercaria sheds its tail and waits to be eaten by the definitive host.
Metacestode
A metacestode is the larval stage of a tapeworm that develops in an intermediate host and is infective to the definitive host, occurring as cysticercus, cysticercoid, coenurus, hydatid, or plerocercoid forms.
Metachondromatosis
Metachondromatosis (MC, OMIM 156250) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder with both enchondromas and osteochondromas in the hands, feet, and long bones, caused by loss-of-function PTPN11 mutations; lesions point toward the epiphysis, regress spontaneously, and rarely turn malignant.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by ARSA mutations and arylsulfatase A deficiency, causing sulfatide buildup and demyelination; late-infantile, juvenile, and adult forms; treated with Lenmeldy gene therapy.
Metaco
Metaco was a Swiss company founded in 2015 that built digital asset custody and tokenization infrastructure for banks, acquired by Ripple for $250 million in 2023.
Metacognition
Metacognition is the capacity to monitor, evaluate, and control one's own cognition (memory, perception, decision-making), studied since Flavell (1979) via confidence-accuracy measures and applied in education, clinical research, and AI.
Metacognitive monitoring
Metacognitive monitoring is the set of judgments learners make about their own comprehension, memory, or performance during learning tasks, guiding how they allocate study time and choose materials to restudy.
Metacognitive therapy
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a psychotherapy, developed by Adrian Wells, that treats anxiety and depression by changing beliefs about one's own thinking rather than the content of thoughts.
Metacognitive training
Metacognitive training (MCT) is a manualized group psychotherapy for psychosis that uses exercises to modify cognitive biases driving delusions, with free materials in 37 languages.
Metacomet
Metacomet, also called Metacom or King Philip (c. 1638–1676), was sachem of the Wampanoag Confederacy from 1662 and leader of King Philip's War (1675–1676) against New England colonists; killed at Mount Hope, Rhode Island, August 12, 1676.
Metacrine
Metacrine, Inc. was a San Diego clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, founded in 2014 and public from 2020, that developed oral FXR agonists for liver and gastrointestinal diseases before dissolving in 2023.
Metacritic
Metacritic, also known as Metacritic.com, is a review aggregation website launched in January 2001 that combines critic reviews of games, movies, TV shows, and albums into a 0-100 Metascore.
Metadata
Metadata, also known as metainformation, is structured information that describes the characteristics of data, such as a file's format or a dataset's schema, often summarized as data about data.
Metadata management
Metadata management: collecting, organizing, and governing metadata (data about data) describing an organization's data assets, typically via data catalogs. Covers active metadata, vendor landscape, Gartner Magic Quadrant history, standards barriers, and AI-driven context delivery.
Metadynamics
Metadynamics is an enhanced-sampling molecular simulation method introduced by Alessandro Laio and Michele Parrinello in 2002 that uses a history-dependent bias to accelerate rare events and reconstruct free-energy surfaces.
Metaepistemology
Metaepistemology is the second-order branch of epistemology that studies epistemology itself: its assumptions, subject matter, and methods. Central debates include realism versus anti-realism about epistemic facts, belief versus credence, and meta-skepticism.
Metaethics
Metaethics is the branch of philosophy studying the metaphysical, epistemological, and semantic presuppositions of moral thought; it emerged as a distinct field from G. E. Moore's Principia Ethica (1903).
Metafiction
Metafiction is self-reflexive fiction that draws attention to its own fictionality, coined as a term in 1970 by Gass and Scholes; includes Hutcheon's historiographic metafiction, which combines self-reflexivity with claims to historical events and personages.
Metaflow
Metaflow is Netflix's open-source Python framework for building and deploying AI/ML systems as flows of checkpointed steps, runtime-agnostic across AWS, Azure, GCP, Kubernetes, Argo, and Airflow, Apache 2.0 licensed.