All articles starting with M
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Methylmalonic acidemia
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), also called methylmalonic aciduria or isolated MMA, is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by MMUT, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or MCEE variants, causing methylmalonic acid buildup, metabolic acidosis, and no approved therapy.
Methylmalonic acidemia due to methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase deficiency
MCEE deficiency (OMIM 251120, ORPHA 308425), an ultra-rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism causing mild-to-moderate persistent methylmalonic acid elevation, B12-nonresponsive, with a clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute decompensation.
Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria
Methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria, also called cobalamin C (cblC) disease, is an inherited vitamin B12 metabolism defect causing methylmalonic acid and homocysteine buildup; genes include MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, HCFC1.
Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C family
Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C family (InterPro IPR032037, Pfam PF16690): protein family of MMACHC/CblC, the cobalamin-processing enzyme whose mutations cause cblC disease, the most common inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism.
Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, alpha subunit
Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase alpha subunit (MmdA, mmdA) is the carboxyltransferase subunit of the biotin-dependent, sodium-pumping bacterial decarboxylase EC 7.2.4.3, distinct from the single-subunit E. coli crotonase enzyme.
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM, MMUT), mitochondrial B12-dependent enzyme EC 5.4.99.2 converting methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA via adenosylcobalamin radical mechanism; deficiency causes methylmalonic acidemia; gene therapies now in trials.
Methylmercury
Methylmercury (CH3Hg+) is a toxic organomercury compound formed by microorganisms in water, bioaccumulating in fish. Main human exposure is seafood; key facts include Minamata Disease, EPA reference dose 0.1 µg/kg/day, and FDA/EPA fish advisories.
Methylnaltrexone
Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) is a quaternary naltrexone derivative, the first peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, given subcutaneously or orally for opioid-induced constipation without reducing analgesia.
Methylnaphthylacetamide
Methylnaphthylacetamide (EU ID 1322) is a naphthylacetamide plant growth regulator listed in EU Regulation 2076/2002 but not approved in the EU, with no CAS number and a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg.
Methylnaphthylacetic acid
Methylnaphthylacetic acid (EU ID 225), a synthetic auxin plant growth regulator, was not included in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC by Regulation 2076/2002 in November 2002 and remains unapproved in the EU, with a default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg.
Methylobacterium
Methylobacterium, a genus of gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic pink-pigmented rods (Patt et al. 1976; type species M. organophilum), phyllosphere plant symbionts and methylotrophy models, distinct from the methanotrophic genus Methylobacter.
Methylococcaceae
Methylococcaceae is a family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the order Methylococcales; its type I methanotrophs use methane as their sole source of energy and carbon.
Methylone
Methylone, also known as bk-MDMA or MDMC, is a synthetic cathinone acting as a psychostimulant and empathogen, and is the beta-keto analog of MDMA, differing only by a ketone group.
Methylotrophic and methyl-reducing methanogenesis
Methylotrophic and methyl-reducing methanogenesis is methane production by archaea from methylated compounds like methanol and methylamines, either by dismutation or with hydrogen as the electron donor.
Methylparaben
Methylparaben, also known as methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate or Nipagin, is a paraben used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals; it also occurs naturally in blueberries.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) is a racemic CNS stimulant and dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor approved for ADHD ages 6+ and narcolepsy; SMD −0.78 efficacy, ~24M US prescriptions, Schedule II, WHO essential medicine 2023.
Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol, Depo-Medrol) is a synthetic prednisolone-derivative glucocorticoid used orally and by injection for inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy, with greater anti-inflammatory potency than prednisolone.
Methylpromazine
Methylpromazine, also called alimemazine or trimeprazine (Vallergan), is a phenothiazine-derivative sedating antihistamine and neuroleptic synthesized in France in 1958, with H1-antagonist and dopamine-blocking effects, used for sedation, pruritus, and nausea.
Methylsulfonylmethane
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), also called dimethyl sulfone, is a naturally occurring organosulfur compound found in trace amounts in foods and sold as a joint-health dietary supplement.
Methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone, sold under brand names including Testred and Methitest, is a synthetic oral anabolic-androgenic steroid, first synthesized in 1935, used for testosterone replacement in men and delayed puberty.
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)
MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase) is a 9p21 purine salvage enzyme, often co-deleted with CDKN2A in 10-15% of cancers, creating a synthetic-lethal vulnerability to PRMT5 and MAT2A inhibitors.
Methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil is a thionamide antithyroid drug introduced in the mid-1940s to treat hyperthyroidism by blocking thyroid hormone synthesis, but withdrawn in most countries because of adverse reactions.
Methyltransferase
Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1), also called MTase, an enzyme transferring methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to DNA, RNA, proteins, or small molecules; 208 human MTase genes in 7BS, SET, and SPOUT structural groups, key drug targets in epigenetics.
Methyltransferase domain
A methyltransferase domain is the catalytic protein domain that binds the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine and transfers its methyl group to DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and small molecules.
Methyltrichlorosilane
Methyltrichlorosilane, also called trichloromethylsilane, is a colorless, volatile organosilicon liquid produced as a by-product of silicone manufacture and used as a silicone crosslinker and coating agent.
Methyprylon
Methyprylon (Noludar, Rol-6463), a piperidinedione non-barbiturate sedative-hypnotic once marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche for insomnia; FDA-approved 1955, discontinued, GABA_A-acting, now not recommended.
Methysergide
Methysergide, sold as Sansert and Deseril, is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid and serotonin antagonist that became the first effective preventive drug for migraine after its 1959 introduction.
Metin Colpan
Metin Colpan is a German biotechnology entrepreneur who co-founded QIAGEN in 1984, led it as chief executive until 2003, and invented its nucleic acid purification method.
Metin Sitti
Metin Sitti, born 1970 in Kırşehir, Turkey, is a Turkish roboticist known for small-scale soft robots and physical intelligence, and President of Koç University since 2023.
Metinvest
Metinvest is a mining and metals group, headquartered through Metinvest B.V. in the Netherlands and owned by SCM and Smart Holding, with assets in Ukraine, Europe, and the US.