All articles starting with M
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Military Cross
The Military Cross (MC) is a British gallantry decoration instituted by King George V in December 1914 for exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land, originally for junior officers and warrant officers, open to all ranks since 1993.
Military dependents' village
Military dependents' village (眷村, juancun): Taiwanese settlements built from the late 1940s for ROC soldiers and mainlander families after the 1949 retreat; 86 villages rebuilt under the 1996 Act, 13 preserved as cultural parks.
Military dependents' villages
Military dependents' villages are state-built, state-managed housing for married service personnel and their families, held on permits rather than owned; Taiwan's juancun (眷村) are the archetypal case.
Military dictatorship
Military dictatorship: autocratic rule by armed forces through a junta or a single strongman. Arises chiefly through coups; shorter-lived than other autocracies but more likely to end in democracy; strongmen wage more wars than juntas.
Military dictatorship in Brazil
Military dictatorship in Brazil (ditadura militar), 1964-1985: authoritarian regime after the coup against João Goulart, ruled by five indirectly elected generals, marked by AI-5, censorship, the 1979 Amnesty Law, and a late National Truth Commission.
Military dictatorship in Pakistan
Military dictatorship in Pakistan: direct army rule under Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zia-ul-Haq, and Musharraf after coups in 1958, 1977, and 1999, about 33 years total, followed by hybrid military dominance.
Military dictatorship of Chile
The military dictatorship of Chile was the authoritarian regime headed by General Augusto Pinochet that ruled Chile from the 1973 coup overthrowing Salvador Allende until 1990.
Military discharge
Military discharge: the formal release of a US service member, characterized as honorable, general, other than honorable, bad conduct, dishonorable/dismissal, or uncharacterized, governing VA benefits, reenlistment, and post-separation upgrade review.
Military engineering
Military engineering is the branch of engineering that designs, builds, and destroys works for armed forces, including fortifications, roads, bridges, airfields, and the clearing of explosive hazards.
Military engineering vehicle
A military engineering vehicle, also known as a combat engineering vehicle, is an armored or heavy-construction vehicle adapted for clearing mines, bridging, and battlefield recovery.
Military examination system (wuke)
The military examination system (武科举) was China's imperial exam for military officers, created under Empress Wu Zetian in 702 and run for roughly twelve hundred years.
Military exercise
Military exercise: also called war game or maneuver, a planned training event rehearsing combat or crisis operations. Distinguished by live, command-post, and study formats; NATO has run them since 1951 with Vienna Document transparency thresholds.
Military flight training
Military flight training is the system by which armed forces select, teach, and qualify pilots, progressing through phases from ground school to operational conversion on front-line types.
Military Freefall Parachutist Badge
The Military Freefall Parachutist Badge, also known as the HALO Badge, is a US Army and Air Force skill badge for military free fall parachuting, first approved in 1994.
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier, also called Militärgrenze or Granitza, was a Habsburg defensive strip along the Ottoman border, where settlers got land and freedom from serfdom for hereditary military service.
Military funeral
Military funeral: formal armed-forces honors for deceased service members and veterans, also called Military Funeral Honors. US law guarantees a detail performing Taps, flag folding, and flag presentation free of charge.
Military glider
The military glider, or assault glider, is an engineless aircraft towed aloft to land troops and vehicles silently behind enemy lines, first used in combat by Germany in 1940.
Military Government of Puerto Rico
The Military Government of Puerto Rico was the United States Army administration that ruled the island from October 1898 until May 1900, when the Foraker Act established civilian rule.
Military Governor of Hedong
The Military Governor of Hedong (河东节度使) was a Tang-dynasty regional military commissioner seated at Taiyuan, commanding garrisons between the Yellow River and the steppe frontier.
Military Grid Reference System
Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), the NATO alphanumeric grid standard expressing UTM/UPS coordinates via grid zone designators, 100 km square letters, and digit-count precision, adopted by US forces in 1949.
Military helicopter
A military helicopter, also called an army helicopter, is a rotary-wing aircraft operated by armed forces for attack, transport, reconnaissance, and medevac, entering combat service in the 1940s.
Military history
Military history: the study of wars and armed forces in peace and war, rooted in professional armies. Covers operational, "new military history," and cultural approaches, institutions like the U.S. Army CMH, and comparative methods.
Military history of African Americans
The military history of African Americans spans more than two centuries of Black service in the US armed forces, from the Revolutionary War to post-World War II desegregation.
Military history of China before 1912
Military history of China before 1912: warfare and military institutions from the Qin unification through the Han, Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing (1644–1912), ending with the dynasty's fall after the Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellion, and 1895 defeat by Japan.
Military history of France
Military history of France: armed conflict involving French states from the Hundred Years' War and Napoleonic Wars through the 1940 defeat and the Indochina and Algeria decolonization wars to today's nuclear-armed, full-spectrum military.
Military history of France during World War II
Military history of France during World War II: the 1940 defeat and armistice, Vichy occupation, Free France and the rebuilt African-based army, liberation in 1944, and the 1st Army's campaign into Germany in 1945.
Military history of Greece during World War II
Greece in World War II, 1940-1944: the Greco-Italian War after the OXI of 28 October 1940, the Greek counteroffensive in Albania, the German invasion of April 1941 and Battle of Crete, Axis occupation, ELAS and EDES resistance, Middle East forces, and the December 1944 Dekemvriana.
Military history of India
Military history of India: pre-colonial armies, the East India Company and British Indian Army, and the post-1947 Indian armed forces, which fought Pakistan in 1947-48, 1965, 1971, and 1999 and China in 1962.
Military history of Italy during World War I
Italy's WWI military history: entry via the Pact of London and war on Austria-Hungary from May 1915, Isonzo battles, Caporetto defeat of October 1917, retreat to the Piave under Diaz, June 1918 Solstice defense, and final Vittorio Veneto offensive ending with the Villa Giusti armistice on 4 November 1918.
Military history of Italy during World War II
Italy's WWII military history: Axis entry June 1940, defeats in Greece, North Africa, and Russia, the September 1943 armistice, October 1943 declaration of war on Germany as co-belligerent, and the 1943–45 Italian campaign.