All articles starting with M
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Military history of Japan
The military history of Japan extends from the Yayoi period through the rise of the samurai and the Tokugawa peace, moving to imperial expansion and the postwar constitutional order.
Military history of Liechtenstein
Military history of Liechtenstein: medieval militias, imperial and German Confederation contingents, the 1866 Stilfserjoch deployment, and the army's abolition by Johann II on 12 February 1868, leaving the principality without armed forces since.
Military history of the Philippines during World War II
Military history of the Philippines during World War II: Japanese invasion and conquest 1941–1942 (Bataan, Corregidor), guerrilla resistance under USAFFE, and the 1944–1945 liberation from Leyte and the Battle of Leyte Gulf through the campaigns on Luzon, Manila, and Mindanao.
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
Military history of the United Kingdom in World War II: British Army, Royal Navy, and RAF operations 1939-1945, from Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain to the Atlantic, El Alamein, Burma, and D-Day.
Military history of the United States
Military history of the United States: American armed conflict from 1775 to the present, covering the Revolutionary War, Civil War, World Wars, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, plus intervention datasets, outcome assessments, technology, and irregular warfare.
Military history of the United States during World War II
US military history in World War II: Pearl Harbor entry December 1941, Germany-first coalition strategy, 10 million draftees, two-front European and Pacific campaigns, and the industrial-logistics effort that sustained victory.
Military Hospitals
Military hospitals treat service members and usually dependents, from ancient rear-tent care to modern MTFs; the US system runs 700+ facilities, nine Defense Health Networks, and field hospitals for 9.5 million beneficiaries.
Military Households (Junhu)
Military households (junhu, 军户) were the hereditary soldier households of China's Yuan dynasty, registered families obligated to supply a soldier, with military service passed from father to son.
Military in Greenland
Military in Greenland: US Pituffik Space Base (formerly Thule), Danish Joint Arctic Command, and the 1951 and 2026 defense agreements governing US, Danish, and NATO forces on the island.
Military in Vatican City
Military in Vatican City: the Pontifical Swiss Guard (founded 1506, 135 men) protects the Pope, while the Gendarmerie Corps polices the state; Italy provides external security.
Military intelligence
Military intelligence: collection, analysis, and dissemination of foreign military threat information. Levels (strategic, operational, tactical), seven disciplines (HUMINT, SIGINT, MASINT, OSINT, GEOINT, TECHINT, CI), U.S. history from 1775, DIA 1961, and governing law.
Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)
The Military Intelligence Corps is the regimental body of the U.S. Army's Military Intelligence Branch (Always Out Front), activated July 1, 1987 at Fort Huachuca. Branch founded 1962; roots in the 1917 Military Intelligence Section, INSCOM 1977, and Army Counterintelligence Command 2021.
Military Intelligence Directorate (אגף המודיעין) (Israel)
AMAN (אגף המודיעין) is the IDF's Military Intelligence Directorate, founded in 1948, responsible for war warnings, the national intelligence assessment, and IDF counterintelligence, with units 8200, 9900, and 504; it failed before both the 1973 Yom Kippur War and the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack.
Military junta
Military junta: government by a committee of military officers after a coup, distinguished from one-man strongman rule; juntas negotiate exits and often democratize, while strongmen fight more wars and last longer.
Military leadership in the American Civil War
Military leadership in the American Civil War: Union and Confederate generals, command structure, and civil-military relations. Key figures Grant, Lee, Sherman; Confederate early competence advantage faded; Lincoln-Grant partnership proved decisive.
Military logistics
Military logistics: planning and executing movement, supply, and maintenance of armed forces. Covers joint doctrine (JP 4-0), core capabilities, historical evolution from living off the land to supply lines, and contested logistics lessons from Ukraine.
Military marine mammal
Military marine mammals are trained dolphins, sea lions, and seals used by navies, chiefly the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program since 1963, for mine detection, swimmer defense, and object recovery; Russia runs a comparable program.
Military Medal
Military Medal (MM), British and Commonwealth gallantry medal for bravery in battle on land, instituted 1916 for other ranks below the Distinguished Conduct Medal, peer of the Military Cross; about 120,000 First World War awards, discontinued 1993.
Military Medical Academy
Military Medical Academy (VMA, Војномедицинска академија), Belgrade: Serbia's central military hospital and medical school, founded 1844 as Central Military Hospital, Medical Faculty of the University of Defence since 2011.
Military medicine
Military medicine is the branch of medicine treating battlefield casualties from point of injury through evacuation, surgery, and rehabilitation, and maintaining the health of armed forces.
Military occupation
Military occupation: territory placed under the authority of a hostile army without consent, defined by Article 42 of the 1907 Hague Regulations and governed by the effective-control test, Hague Regulations, Fourth Geneva Convention, and Additional Protocol I.
Military of ancient Egypt
Military of ancient Egypt: the pharaonic armed forces, evolving from Old Kingdom peasant conscripts to the New Kingdom professional army with chariotry, divisions named for gods, and the Kadesh campaign against the Hittites.
Military of ancient Rome
Military of ancient Rome: the Roman army from Republic to Late Antiquity, also called the legions. Citizen militia of maniples became Augustus's 300,000-man professional standing army, then Diocletian and Constantine's comitatenses and limitanei.
Military of Mycenaean Greece
Military of Mycenaean Greece: Late Bronze Age palace-state armed forces, with Linear B-recorded chariotries, Dendra bronze armour, warrior burials, and fortified citadels; chariots likely transport or command platforms, not Near Eastern-style shock troops.
Military of the Falkland Islands
Military of the Falkland Islands: the volunteer Falkland Islands Defence Force (FIDF), founded 1847, constituted 1920, plus the British garrison at Mount Pleasant Complex with Typhoon fighters, totaling about 1,200 personnel.
Military of the Ottoman Empire
The military of the Ottoman Empire was the armed forces of the Ottoman state, from the empire's founding around 1299 to its dissolution after the First World War.
Military order (religious society)
A military order, also called a military religious order, is a religious order whose members took monastic vows while bearing arms or caring for the sick.
Military organization
Military organization: the structured hierarchy, command relationships, functions, and sustainment systems through which armed forces are formed, financed, and controlled, historically and today.
Military parade
Military parade: organized formation of troops moving to words of command, staged for holidays, victories, and deterrence signalling; examples include Bastille Day, China's 2025 WWII anniversary parade, and Russia's Victory Day.
Military patrol
Military patrol, or military ski patrol, a team skiing-and-shooting sport; official medal event only at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics (Switzerland gold), demonstration in 1928, 1936, 1948; precursor of biathlon.