All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Modibo Adama
Modibo Adama was a Fulani scholar and commander who founded the Adamawa Emirate, also called Fombina, under the Sokoto Caliphate, ruling from 1809 to 1847 or 1848.
Modibo Keïta
Modibo Keïta (4 June 1915 – 16 May 1977) was a Malian teacher, US-RDA leader, federal premier of the Mali Federation, and first President of independent Mali (1960–1968), overthrown in the 1968 Moussa Traoré coup.
Modicon
Modicon is a brand of programmable logic controllers owned by Schneider Electric, founded in 1968 by Bedford Associates, which created the first US PLC, the Modicon 084.
MODIFI
MODIFI is a Dutch fintech company headquartered in Amsterdam that provides cross-border B2B payments and trade finance, founded in 2018 by Nelson Holzner, Sven Brauer, and Jan Wehrs.
Modification and termination of child support
Modification and termination of child cover the legal procedures for changing or ending a child support order, which courts vary only when circumstances have materially changed since the original order.
Modified Ashworth scale
The Modified Ashworth scale is a six-grade ordinal scale rating resistance felt during passive limb movement, the most widely used clinical measure of increased muscle tone.
Modified barium swallow
The modified barium swallow (MBS) is a videofluoroscopic swallowing study in which a patient swallows barium-containing foods and liquids while real-time X-ray imaging assesses swallowing function, primarily to diagnose oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Modified bitumen roofing
Modified bitumen roofing (mod-bit) is a low-slope roofing system of polymer-modified asphalt sheets laid in multiple plies, typically lasting 20 to 25 years, installed by torch, adhesive, or self-adhered methods.
Modified condition/decision coverage
Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) is a software testing criterion, introduced by Chilenski and Miller in 1994, requiring each condition to independently affect its decision's outcome.
Modified dispersion relations and rainbow gravity
Modified dispersion relations and rainbow gravity are quantum-gravity ideas where particle dispersion is corrected near the Planck energy and spacetime metrics depend on probe energy.
Modified duration
Modified duration is a measure of a bond's price sensitivity to changes in its yield-to-maturity, obtained from Macaulay duration by dividing by one plus the yield per period.
Modified electrode
A modified electrode is an electrode coated with a thin layer of a substance, the chemical modifier, to tailor its properties for electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
Modified gum acacia
Modified gum acacia (OSA modified gum arabic, INS 423) is an octenyl succinate ester of acacia gum used as a food emulsifier; FDA GRN 247 (2008) had no questions, JECFA set ADI not specified in 2016.
Modified internal rate of return
The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) is a capital-budgeting measure that corrects IRR's unrealistic reinvestment assumption and multiple-IRR problem by using explicit finance and reinvestment rates.
Modified Julian Date
The Modified Julian Date (MJD) is a continuous day count equal to the Julian Date minus 2,400,000.5, with day zero at midnight beginning November 17, 1858.
Modified Mercalli intensity scale
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale, also called the Mercalli scale, is a seismic scale used in the United States to describe shaking severity through observed effects on people and structures.
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), or Milgrom's law, is a proposed alternative to dark matter in which Newtonian mechanics breaks down at very low gravitational accelerations, proposed by Mordehai Milgrom in 1983.
Modified radical mastectomy
A modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a breast cancer operation that removes the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes while preserving the pectoralis major, introduced by Patey and Dyson in 1948.
Modified radical neck dissection
Modified radical neck dissection (MRND) is surgery for head and neck cancer that removes cervical lymph nodes levels I through V while preserving structures like the spinal accessory nerve.
Modified Rankin Scale
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS): 7-point ordinal stroke disability scale, 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death), developed by John Rankin in 1957 and modified for the UK-TIA trial; primary endpoint in most acute stroke trials.
Modified starch
Modified starch (变性淀粉): starch whose properties are altered by physical, chemical, enzymatic, or genetic treatment to fix retrogradation, syneresis, and poor heat or shear stability; used in food, paper, textiles, and medicine; EU E 1404–E 1452.
Modified-release dosage
Modified-release dosage: drug formulations (delayed-release, extended-release, sustained-release) that alter release rate or site versus immediate-release; Spansule 1952; mechanisms, bioequivalence rules, opioid and metformin evidence.
Modifier of rudimentary, Modr
Modifier of rudimentary (mod(r), Modr) is a Drosophila gene, identical to Vps37A, isolated as a suppressor of rudimentary wing truncation; its ~150-amino-acid Mod(r) domain forms the core stalk and headpiece of the ESCRT-I complex in eukaryotes.
MODIFY I trial
MODIFY I (NCT01241552) was a Merck phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of bezlotoxumab, actoxumab, and their combination alongside antibiotics; bezlotoxumab cut 12-week CDI recurrence from 28% to 17%.
MODIFY II trial
MODIFY II (NCT01513239), a Merck-funded phase 3 trial alongside MODIFY I, tested single-dose bezlotoxumab 10 mg/kg against placebo for preventing recurrent C. difficile infection; recurrence fell from 26% to 16% at 12 weeks.
Modigliani–Miller theorem
The Modigliani–Miller theorem (M&M), or capital structure irrelevance principle, states that in perfect markets a firm's value is independent of how it divides financing between debt and equity.
Modīnagar
Modīnagar (मोदीनगर), also spelled Modinagar, is an industrial city and municipal body in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, on NH-34 between Ghaziabad and Meerut; founded 1933 by Gujarmal Modi as a Modi Group mill township, now a tehsil with two RRTS stations.
Modine Manufacturing
Modine Manufacturing is an American thermal management company in Racine, Wisconsin, founded in 1916, known for heat transfer products, vehicle cooling, and fast-growing data center cooling systems.
Modiola caroliniana
Modiola caroliniana, Carolina bristlemallow or red-flowered mallow, a prostrate node-rooting Malvaceae herb native to South America, introduced worldwide as a weed, with red-orange flowers and a wheel-shaped bristly schizocarp fruit.
Modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus, the horse mussel, is a large boreal North Atlantic mytilid forming biogenic reefs up to 70 m deep; long-lived (45+ years), slow-recruiting, biodiversity-supporting, OSPAR-listed as threatened and declining, and vulnerable to bottom fishing.