All articles starting with N

Nuclear Decommissioning Authority

The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority is a UK government body established under the Energy Act 2004 that owns and cleans up Britain's earliest civil nuclear sites, including Sellafield.

Nuclear decommissioning robotics

Nuclear decommissioning robotics is the use of remotely operated and autonomous robots to inspect, decontaminate, and dismantle shutdown nuclear facilities, keeping workers out of hazardous radiation areas.

Nuclear deformation

Nuclear deformation is the deviation of an atomic nucleus from a spherical shape, a central subject of nuclear structure physics measured by deformation parameters such as beta and gamma.

Nuclear density

Nuclear density is the number of protons and neutrons per unit volume inside an atomic nucleus, about 0.16 nucleons per cubic femtometer in heavy nuclei.

Nuclear density functional theory

Nuclear density functional theory is a computational framework describing nuclei through an energy functional of the nucleon density, the most complete global model of nuclear ground states.

Nuclear density gauge

A nuclear density gauge is a portable field instrument that uses cesium-137 and americium-241 sources to measure the density and moisture of compacted construction materials.

Nuclear dimension

Nuclear dimension is a numerical invariant of C-algebras, introduced by Wilhelm Winter and Joachim Zacharias in 2009 as a noncommutative version of topological covering dimension.

Nuclear dimorphism

Nuclear dimorphism, or nuclear dualism, is the ciliate trait of one diploid silent germline micronucleus plus a polyploid active somatic macronucleus per cell, rebuilt after conjugation via DNA elimination, chromosome fragmentation, and amplification.

Nuclear disarmament

Nuclear disarmament, the reduction and elimination of nuclear arsenals, pursued through the NPT (191 states), CTBT, TPNW, and New START, whose 2026 expiry and three failed NPT review conferences have stalled progress.

Nuclear drip line

The nuclear drip line, also called the nucleon drip line, is the boundary beyond which nuclei cannot bind extra protons or neutrons; about 7,000 such nuclei are predicted to exist.

Oct 22, 2026

Nuclear effects in neutrino scattering

Nuclear effects in neutrino scattering are modifications to how neutrinos interact with nucleons bound in nuclei, including Fermi motion, RPA suppression, and two-particle–two-hole processes that bias oscillation experiments.

Nuclear electric rocket

A nuclear electric rocket, also called nuclear electric propulsion (NEP), is a spacecraft propulsion system in which a fission reactor generates electricity that powers ion or Hall thrusters.

Nuclear electromagnetic pulse

A nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) is a burst of electromagnetic radiation from a nuclear detonation that can disrupt or destroy electronics far beyond the blast.

Nuclear emergency preparedness

Nuclear emergency preparedness is the set of plans and exercises by which governments and nuclear facility operators protect the public in a nuclear or radiological emergency, guided by IAEA standards.

Nuclear Energy Agency

The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is an OECD intergovernmental agency, founded in 1958 and based near Paris, promoting cooperation on nuclear safety, science, and law.

Nuclear Energy Agency of Japan

The Nuclear Energy Agency of Japan, formally the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), is Japan's national nuclear research and development agency, created in 2005 by merging two institutes.

Nuclear Energy Institute

The Nuclear Energy Institute is the policy organization of the United States commercial nuclear energy industry, founded in 1994 and based in Washington, DC, promoting nuclear power through policy advocacy.

Nuclear engineering

Nuclear engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with applying nuclear reactions and radiation, most prominently the design, operation, and safety of nuclear fission reactors and their fuel cycles.

Nuclear envelope

Nuclear envelope (NE): double membrane (inner and outer nuclear membranes, perinuclear space) enclosing the eukaryotic nucleus, perforated by ~120 nm nuclear pore complexes and lined by the lamin nuclear lamina; handles transport, mechanotransduction, open mitosis disassembly, and laminopathies.

Nuclear Envelope Breakdown

Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD): disassembly of the nuclear envelope in late prophase of open mitosis, via nuclear pore disassembly, lamin depolymerization, and membrane clearance, driven by CDK1 and other mitotic kinases.

Nuclear envelope-associated protein, C-terminal

Nuclear envelope-associated protein, C-terminal: conserved C-terminal region of plant NEAP proteins (AtNEAP1-4), combining a bipartite NLS and a C-terminal transmembrane domain that anchors these coiled-coil proteins at the inner nuclear membrane, where they bind SUN proteins and shape nuclear morphology.

Nuclear equation of state

The nuclear equation of state (EOS) relates the energy, density, pressure, and composition of nuclear matter, and is central to modeling neutron stars, supernovae, and heavy-ion collisions.

Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation)

Nuclear Events (kinase and transcription factor activation), Reactome pathway R-HSA-198725: human neurotrophin/NTRK1 signaling in which MAPK-family kinases phosphorylate nuclear transcription factors such as CREB1 and ELK1, inducing immediate-early and delayed-early genes.

Oct 22, 2026

Nuclear excitation by electron capture

Nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC) is a resonant process in which a free electron captured by an ion simultaneously excites its nucleus. Predicted in 1976, it still lacks conclusive experimental verification.

Nuclear explosion

A nuclear explosion releases enormous energy almost instantly from splitting or joining atomic nuclei, first demonstrated in the Trinity test in New Mexico in 1945.

Nuclear export signal

Nuclear export signal (NES), also leucine-rich NES: short hydrophobic peptide motif (8-15 residues, 3-5 hydrophobic positions) in proteins such as HIV-1 Rev and PKI that directs nuclear export by binding the exportin CRM1/XPO1 with RanGTP.

Oct 20, 2026

Nuclear Factor Erythroid-derived 2-like

Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like (NFE2L, also called NF-E2-related factor or Nrf) is a family of bZIP transcription factors that regulate stress-responsive gene expression in animals.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)

NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells), also NF-AT or NFATC proteins, is a five-member transcription factor family (NFATc1-c4, NFAT5/TonEBP) activated by calcium-calmodulin-calcineurin signaling, targeted by cyclosporin A and FK506, and involved in immunity, development, cancer, and autoimmunity.

Nuclear fallout

Nuclear fallout, also called radioactive fallout, is the radioactive debris that falls back to Earth after a nuclear explosion, carrying hundreds of radionuclides that can travel worldwide.