All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum sensing
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum sensing detects NMR signals using quantum sensors, chiefly nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, enabling spectroscopy on samples down to a single proton.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or NMR spectroscopy, is an analytical technique that reveals the structure and dynamics of molecules from atomic nuclei in a magnetic field.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of solids
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of solids, or solid-state NMR, is an analytical method that determines the atomic-level structure and dynamics of solids, typically using magic-angle spinning to sharpen spectra.
Nuclear marine propulsion
Nuclear marine propulsion, also called naval nuclear propulsion, uses a shipboard nuclear reactor to drive a vessel's turbines, freeing it from refueling and, for submarines, from air.
Nuclear matter
Nuclear matter is an idealized infinite system of protons and neutrons interacting through the strong force alone. It underpins theories of finite nuclei, neutron stars, and supernovae.
Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine: medical specialty using radiotracers and radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy, including PET/CT, SPECT, FDG imaging, radioiodine, Lu-177 theranostics, and PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapy.
Nuclear meltdown
A nuclear meltdown, also called a core melt accident, is a severe reactor accident in which lost cooling lets decay heat damage and melt the reactor fuel.
Nuclear Microscopy
Nuclear microscopy, or nuclear microprobe analysis, images and measures elements at submicron level using focused MeV proton or alpha beams with simultaneous PIXE, RBS, and STIM; distinct from electron or X-ray microscopy.
Nuclear moratorium
A nuclear moratorium is a government decision to suspend nuclear power plant construction or operation, usually after an accident or referendum, as in Austria, Italy, and Germany.
Nuclear navy
A nuclear navy propels its ships and submarines with onboard nuclear reactors; the United States Navy created the first one in the 1950s under Hyman G. Rickover.
Nuclear operator
A nuclear operator is a continuous linear operator between topological vector spaces written as an absolutely convergent sum of rank-one operators, a theory created by Alexandre Grothendieck in the 1950s.
Nuclear option
Nuclear option (also constitutional option): US Senate maneuver letting a simple majority end filibusters or change cloture practice via point of order, chair ruling, and tabling; used 2013 for nominations and 2017 for Supreme Court.
Nuclear Orthodoxy
Nuclear Orthodoxy, or Russian Nuclear Orthodoxy, is the doctrine from Dmitry Adamsky's 2019 book holding that Russia's nuclear arsenal and the Orthodox Church are the two pillars of the Russian state, expressed in weapon blessings and patron saints.
Nuclear Overhauser effect
The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is a change in an NMR signal from one nucleus caused by nearby nuclei, weakening with the sixth power of distance.
Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy
Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) is a two-dimensional NMR experiment measuring cross-relaxation between spatially close nuclei, introduced in 1980 and used to determine protein and small-molecule structures.
Nuclear pairing
Nuclear pairing is the correlation in which two nucleons couple to zero angular momentum, giving open-shell nuclei superfluid properties; it explains odd-even binding-energy staggering and neutron-star superfluidity.
Nuclear pasta
Nuclear pasta is a phase of matter in neutron star crusts where nuclei form rod-like and slab-like shapes; simulations suggest it may be the strongest known material.
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the branch of physics that studies atomic nuclei, their protons and neutrons, the strong force that binds them, and their reactions and decays.
Nuclear pore complex
Nuclear pore complex (NPC): ~110-MDa, ~1,000-protein channel of 30 nucleoporins spanning the nuclear envelope, mediating selective FG-repeat-gated nucleocytoplasmic transport, gene regulation, and disease-linked dysfunction.
Nuclear pore complex protein
Nuclear pore complex components, or nucleoporins (Nups), are the ~30 proteins, about 600 copies each, that build the NPC gateway in the nuclear envelope; FG-nups form the transport barrier, and NUP mutations cause leukemia, triple A syndrome, and ALS.
Nuclear power
Nuclear power, also called fission power, is electricity generation from controlled fission chain reactions, supplying about 10% of the world's electricity from 417 reactors in 2024.
Nuclear power by country
Nuclear power by country describes the world's 442 nuclear reactors in 31 countries, which generate about 9% of global electricity, led by the United States, France, and China.
Nuclear Power Corporation of India
Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) is a Government of India public sector company under the Department of Atomic Energy, incorporated in 1987 to operate the country's commercial nuclear power plants.
Nuclear power for AI data centers
Nuclear power for AI data centers is the wave of nuclear purchase agreements by US hyperscalers Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and Meta, beginning with Microsoft's 2024 Three Mile Island restart deal.
Nuclear power in France
Nuclear power in France is the country's largest electricity source, from a fleet of 57 EDF reactors at 18 stations that produced 361.7 TWh in 2024, about 67% of generation.
Nuclear power in India
Nuclear power in India, or nuclear energy in India, comes from 24 reactors with 8,880 MW capacity, supplying about 3.1% of electricity, with a 100 GW target for 2047.
Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
Nuclear power in the United Kingdom began at Calder Hall in 1956 and today runs nine reactors at five sites, generating about 12% of UK electricity.
Nuclear power in the United States
Nuclear power in the United States is electricity generation from commercial fission reactors, 94 reactors at 54 plants in 2024 supplying about 19% of US power.
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is an electricity generating station that uses heat from a controlled nuclear fission chain reaction to boil water into steam, driving turbine generators.
Nuclear Production Tax Credit
The Nuclear Production Tax Credit is a US federal tax credit for electricity from existing nuclear plants, created by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.