All articles starting with O
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Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming style in which software is built from objects that bundle state with operations, using techniques like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Object–relational mapping
Object–relational mapping (ORM) is a technique that maps data between object-oriented programs and relational databases, with tools like Hibernate, Django ORM, and Prisma generating SQL and writing changes back to the database.
Objectification
Objectification: seeing or treating a person, usually a woman, as an object. Central concept of feminist theory from Kant through Nussbaum's seven features and objectification theory; contested whether always harmful.
Objection, My Lord!
Objection, My Lord! (Notary Parasuram Chapter 1) is a 2026 Telugu ZEE5 courtroom drama directed by Santhosh Ayyappan, starring Srikanth Meka, Mukesh Rishi, and Ananya Sharma; seven episodes premiered 31 July 2026.
Objections to evolution
Objections to evolution: religious, philosophical, and scientific arguments against common descent and natural selection, from Paley's design argument to creation science, intelligent design, and US education law.
Objective (optics)
An objective, also called an objective lens, is the lens or mirror in a telescope or microscope closest to the object, forming its first real image.
Objective structured clinical examination
The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a performance-based medical assessment where examinees rotate through timed stations, scored on clinical tasks, devised in Scotland in the 1970s.
Objective-C
Objective-C, also known as ObjC, is an object-oriented programming language extending C with Smalltalk-style messaging, created by Brad Cox and Tom Love in the early 1980s.
Objective-collapse theory
Objective-collapse theory, also known as spontaneous localization, is a family of modifications of quantum mechanics in which wave function collapse happens spontaneously, especially for macroscopic superpositions.
Objective, Burma!
Objective, Burma! is a 1945 Warner Bros. war film directed by Raoul Walsh, starring Errol Flynn as Captain Nelson leading paratroopers against a Japanese radar station; withdrawn from Britain in 1945 for ignoring the British role, rereleased 1952.
Objectivism
Objectivism is Ayn Rand's philosophy of metaphysical realism, reason as the only source of knowledge, rational egoism, and laissez-faire capitalism, organized in five branches and systematized by Leonard Peikoff in 1991.
Objectivist poets
The Objectivist poets were a loose group of American and British modernist writers named by Louis Zukofsky, including Zukofsky, Charles Reznikoff, George Oppen, and Basil Bunting.
Obladaet
Obladaet, born Nazar Yuryevich Votyakov, is a Russian rapper and trap artist from St. Petersburg, described in 2022 as one of the most popular in Russian rap.
Oblast
An oblast (Russian: область) is a first-level administrative division in Russia and Ukraine and other post-Soviet states, typically translated as region; Russia's oblasts are equal subjects of the Federation, and Ukraine has 24.
Oblast Pleven
Oblast Pleven (Област Плевен), a province of northern Bulgaria, NUTS 3 code BG314, capital Pleven; 212,890 people (2025), 4,653 sq km, 11 municipalities, Danube border, site of the 1877 Siege of Pleven.
Oblast Stara Zagora
Oblast Stara Zagora (Област Стара Загора), a Bulgarian district (NUTS3 BG344) named after the city of Stara Zagora; 286,722 residents on 31.12.2025, 11 municipalities, 5,148 sq km, fifth most populous district, highest 2025 regional poverty rate.
Oblast Veliko Tarnovo
Oblast Veliko Tarnovo, also known as Veliko Tarnovo Province, is one of Bulgaria's 28 districts in Central Northern Bulgaria, centered on the city of Veliko Tarnovo.
Oblasts of Russia
An oblast (область) is the most common type of federal subject in Russia, where 46 oblasts function as province-level regions, each with a governor and legislature.
Oblasts of Ukraine
Oblasts of Ukraine: the 24 first-level regions named in Article 133 of the 1996 Constitution, alongside Crimea and Kyiv and Sevastopol; created from 1932, reformed in 2020 (136 raions, 1,469 hromadas), governed by elected councils and presidentially appointed governors.
Oblate spheroidal coordinates
Oblate spheroidal coordinates are an orthogonal system of curvilinear coordinates whose constant-coordinate surfaces are oblate spheroids, adapted to flattened bodies like Earth and charged disks.
Oblation (statue)
The Oblation (Filipino: Pagbahanod) is a 1935 sculpture by Guillermo Tolentino depicting a young man with outstretched arms, serving as the iconic symbol of the University of the Philippines.
Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobe: microorganism that cannot grow in oxygen, relying on fermentation or anaerobic respiration; coined by Pasteur (1863); includes Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium; oxygen sensitivity stems from oxygen-labile enzymes like PFOR and PFL.
Obligate parasite
Obligate parasite: a parasite that cannot complete its life cycle without a host, unlike facultative parasites. Includes all viruses, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Plasmodium, dodder; evolves from facultative forms via genetic assimilation.
Obligation
Obligation (law): a duty to do or not do something binding an obligor to an obligee, a civil law concept arising from contract, tort, quasi-contract, or statute, central to the law of obligations in Roman, civil, and common law systems.
Obligations ex delicto
An obligation ex delicto is a personal obligation imposed by operation of law, binding a wrongdoer to compensate or desist; it descends from Roman law and parallels common-law tort.
Obligations of mandatory powers under the League mandates system
The obligations of mandatory powers were the legal duties under Article 22 of the League Covenant requiring the well-being of mandated territories' inhabitants, bans on slavery, and annual reports.
Oblik
Oblik (Облик), Soviet for "appearance," was the code name for the Zenit-8 satellite, a film-return photoreconnaissance and cartography spacecraft built by TsSKB in Kuibyshev and flown from 1984.
Oblimersen sodium
Oblimersen sodium (G3139, augmerosen, Genasense) is a first-generation phosphorothioate antisense 18-mer against BCL-2 mRNA, tested in phase 3 cancer trials but refused EMA approval.
Oblin
Oblin (site 5, Gmina Maciejowice, Poland): a fully excavated Przeworsk culture cremation cemetery on the Vistula, dug 1986–1995 by Katarzyna Czarnecka; about 314 graves from the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD, distinct from the eastern Przeworsk zone.
Oblique illumination
Oblique illumination is a light microscopy technique that illuminates the specimen at an angle rather than axially, enhancing contrast in transparent, unstained samples and giving images a shadowed, relief-like appearance.