All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Opioid receptor
Opioid receptors (MOP/MOR, DOP/DOR, KOP/KOR, and the opioid-related NOP) are Gi/o-coupled GPCRs for endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins, mediating analgesia, reward, and respiratory depression; key targets of morphine, fentanyl, naloxone, and biased agonists like oliceridine.
Opioid rotation
Opioid rotation, also called opioid switching or sequential opioid trials, is substituting one opioid painkiller for another to balance pain relief against side effects, needed by 20–44% of patients on opioid therapy.
Opioid use disorder
Opioid use disorder (OUD), also called opioid addiction, is a chronic treatable condition defined by DSM-5 criteria: at least 2 of 11 within 12 months. Treated with buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone; about 5.7 million US cases in 2023.
Opioid-induced delirium
Opioid-induced delirium (ICD-11 6C43.5) is acute disturbed attention and awareness during opioid intoxication, withdrawal, or use; risk is dose-dependent, highest with meperidine and methadone, managed by dose reduction or opioid rotation.
Opioid-induced mood disorder
Opioid-induced mood disorder (ICD-11 6C43.70) is mood symptoms, depressive, manic, or mixed, arising during or soon after opioid intoxication or withdrawal, distinguished from primary mood disorders by timing and course.
Opioid-induced psychotic disorder
Opioid-induced psychotic disorder (ICD-11 6C43.6; ICD-10-CM F11x50/51/59) is psychosis during or soon after opioid intoxication or withdrawal, rare with μ-agonists, mostly reported after abrupt opioid cessation.
Opipramol
Opipramol (Insidon) is an atypical tricyclic anxiolytic-antidepressant developed in the 1960s, acting via sigma receptors without serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibition; approved in Germany for somatoform disorders and generalized anxiety disorder, not marketed in the US.
OPIR (satellite program)
OPIR, or Next Generation Overhead Persistent Infrared, is a United States Space Force program of missile-warning satellites built by Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman that will replace SBIRS.
Opis
Opis (Akkadian Upî, Greek Ὦπις) was an ancient Babylonian city on the Tigris near modern Baghdad, best known as where Cyrus the Great broke the Babylonian army in 539 BCE.
OPIS Conway
OPIS Conway, also written Conway In-Well, is the daily spot price assessment for propane at the Conway, Kansas hub, published by OPIS and settling exchange-traded futures.
Opisthobranchia
Opisthobranchia was a former subclass of marine gastropods including bubble shells, sea hares, sea angels and sea butterflies, and nudibranchs; shown to be paraphyletic, it was replaced by groupings within Heterobranchia.
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchiasis is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by liver flukes of the genus Opisthorchis, acquired by eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish; chronic infection can cause bile duct cancer.
Opisthorchiidae
Opisthorchiidae is a family of fish-borne liver fluke trematodes in superfamily Opisthorchioidea, including Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus; about 17 million people infected, praziquantel treats, family shown paraphyletic with Heterophyidae.
Opisthoteuthis californiana
Opisthoteuthis californiana (flapjack octopus, flapjack devilfish), Berry 1949, a small North Pacific cirrate octopod, 8 cm ML, 320-620 m deep, IUCN Data Deficient; now synonymized with Insigniteuthis albatrossi by WoRMS.
Opisthotonos
Opisthotonus (opisthotonos): severe backward arching of the neck and trunk from involuntary extensor paraspinal muscle contraction; symptom of tetanus, strychnine poisoning, dystonia, seizures, or functional disorders; described since Hippocrates.
Opitz GBBB syndrome
Opitz G/BBB syndrome, also called Opitz-Frias or hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome, is a midline malformation disorder; the X-linked form is caused by MID1 variants at Xp22.2, causing hypertelorism, hypospadias, laryngeal clefts, cleft lip/palate, and heart defects.
Opium
Opium: air-dried latex of Papaver somniferum containing morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine; historic analgesic and antitussive, centerpiece of the India-China colonial trade, now restricted to medical use.
Opium (record label)
Opium (00pium) is an Atlanta hip-hop label founded in 2019 by Playboi Carti, distributed by Interscope, with roster Ken Carson, Destroy Lonely, and Homixide Gang; known for dark distorted trap and all-black goth aesthetics.
Opium den
An opium den was an establishment where opium was prepared and smoked, arising in eighteenth-century China and spreading to North America, Britain, and Southeast Asia by the mid-nineteenth century.
Opium of the people
Opium of the people: Karl Marx's phrase from his 1844 Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (Die Religion ist das Opium des Volkes), describing religion as both consolation for and protest against real suffering.
Opium production in Afghanistan
Opium production in Afghanistan, also called the Afghan opium trade, grew to a record 9,000 tons in 2017 before collapsing after the Taliban's 2022 drug ban.
Opium revenue system
The opium revenue system (अफीम राजस्व) was the British Indian state monopoly over poppy cultivation and opium manufacture, from 1797 until 1911, mainly for export to China.
Opium Wars (鸦片战争)
The Opium Wars (鸦片战争) were two 19th-century wars, 1839–1842 and 1856–1860, in which Britain, later joined by France, defeated Qing China over the illegal opium trade, producing unequal treaties, the cession of Hong Kong, treaty ports, and the legalization of opium.
OPLS3
OPLS3 is an all-atom molecular mechanics force field for drug-like small molecules and proteins, published in 2016 by Edward Harder and colleagues at Schrödinger with Jorgensen and Friesner.
OPM
OPM, or Original Pilipino Music, is the umbrella term for popular music written and performed by Filipinos in any language, coined by Danny Javier and first used on an album in 1978.
OPM-2
OPM-2 (OPM2, DSMZ ACC 50, Cellosaurus CVCL_1625) is a human multiple myeloma plasma cell line established in 1982 from the peripheral blood of a 56-year-old woman, IgG lambda, carrying t(4;14) with activating FGFR3 K650E and homozygous TP53 R175H.
OPML
OPML, or Outline Processor Markup Language, is an XML-based format for outlines, developed by UserLand Software in 2000 and best known for exchanging RSS feed lists.
Opn
Opn, also known as Omise and formerly SYNQA, is a payments and financial technology company founded in Thailand in 2013, registered in Tokyo, and valued at about $1 billion in 2022.
Opnurasib
Opnurasib (JDQ443, NVP-JDQ-443) is a Novartis investigational covalent KRAS G12C inhibitor binding the Switch II pocket with a novel H95-sparing mode, in phase III (KontRASt-02) versus docetaxel in NSCLC.
Opobo
Opobo is a city-state and kingdom in Rivers State, Nigeria, founded around 1870 by Jaja, a former slave who built it into the eastern delta's dominant palm oil trading center.