All articles starting with O
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Orbem
Orbem is a Munich-based deep-tech startup founded in 2019 that applies AI-powered magnetic resonance imaging to food production, best known for non-invasive in-ovo egg sexing that determines a poultry embryo's sex without damaging the shell.
Orbencarb
Orbencarb (orthobencarb, Lanray, B-3356) is a thiocarbamate pre-emergence herbicide for annual grasses in cereals, maize, and soybean; a lipid synthesis inhibitor (HRAC K3) registered in Japan in 1970 and not approved in the EU, GB, or USA.
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Orbicularis oculi: sphincter-like facial muscle around the eyelids that closes the eye, aids tear drainage, divides into orbital, preseptal, and pretarsal parts, and is innervated by CN VII.
Orbiculoidea
Orbiculoidea (d'Orbigny, 1847) is an extinct discinid brachiopod genus with an organophosphatic, subcircular shell, ranging from the Ordovician to the Late Triassic and cosmopolitan in distribution.
ORBIG Pipeline
The ORBIG Pipeline is a 123 km crude oil pipeline in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, operated by Transpetro since 1977, supplying refineries from Angra dos Reis.
OrbiMed Advisors
OrbiMed Advisors is a New York-based healthcare investment firm managing about $19 billion across public equity, private equity, and royalty strategies, ranked first among life-science venture investors for 2025.
ORBIS (packaging company)
ORBIS Corporation is an American maker of reusable plastic packaging, including pallets, bulk containers, and dunnage, founded in 1996 and headquartered in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin as a subsidiary of Menasha Corporation.
Orbis Pictus
Orbis Pictus, fully Orbis Sensualium Pictus, is an illustrated Latin textbook for children by Czech educator Jan Amos Komenský (Comenius), first published in Nuremberg in 1658.
OrbiSIMS
OrbiSIMS, also called 3D OrbiSIMS, is a secondary ion mass spectrometry instrument combining time-of-flight and Orbitrap analyzers, introduced by the UK National Physical Laboratory in 2016.
Orbit
An orbit, also called orbital motion, is the gravitationally curved path one object takes around another or their common center of mass, in continuous freefall.
Orbit (anatomy)
Orbit (anatomy): the bony eye socket, formed by seven skull bones (frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, maxillary, zygomatic, sphenoid), housing the globe, optic nerve, and extraocular muscles, with optic canal and orbital fissures.
Orbit Culture
Orbit Culture is a Swedish melodic death metal band formed in Eksjö, Sweden, in 2013 by frontman Niklas Karlsson, known for albums like Nija and Death Above Life.
Orbit determination
Orbit determination is the estimation of a satellite's or celestial body's orbital elements from observed positions, pioneered by Gauss in 1801 to recover Ceres and now central to space situational awareness.
ORBIT II trial
ORBIT II (Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of OAS in Treating Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions) was a 443-patient, 49-site U.S. single-arm pivotal trial of the Diamondback 360 orbital atherectomy system for severely calcified coronary lesions, meeting safety (89.6% freedom from 30-day MACE) and efficacy (88.9% procedural success) endpoints and supporting FDA approval in 2013.
Orbit of the Moon
The orbit of the Moon is its slightly elliptical path around Earth, with a mean distance of 384,400 km, a 27.32-day sidereal period, and its plane tilted 5.1 degrees to the ecliptic.
ORBIT-SHOCK trial
ORBIT-SHOCK (NCT06736665) is a Spanish Society of Cardiology randomized pilot trial of 50 patients comparing orbital atherectomy with intravascular lithotripsy for OCT-identified calcified coronary nodules, with OCT-measured stent expansion as the primary endpoint.
Orbital (band)
Orbital are a British electronic music duo formed in Sevenoaks, Kent, by brothers Phil and Paul Hartnoll, pioneers of live electronic performance who headlined Glastonbury in 1994.
Orbital (novel)
Orbital is Samantha Harvey's 2023 novel about six astronauts aboard the International Space Station over one day and sixteen orbits of Earth; it won the 2024 Booker Prize, the first winner set in space, at 136 pages the second-shortest winner.
Orbital abscess
Orbital abscess, Chandler group IV orbital infection, is a pus collection within the orbit, usually from ethmoid sinusitis spread, causing proptosis and vision loss; treated with IV antibiotics and often surgical drainage.
Orbital angular momentum multiplexing
Orbital angular momentum multiplexing is a communications technique that encodes separate data channels on light or radio beams with different twist states, increasing link capacity.
Orbital angular momentum of light
Orbital angular momentum of light, or photon orbital angular momentum, is the component of a beam's angular momentum from its helical wavefront, each photon carrying ℓℏ, identified in 1992 and used in communications and optical trapping.
Orbital atherectomy
Orbital atherectomy is a catheter-based procedure in which a diamond-coated crown orbiting inside an artery sands away severely calcified plaque to enlarge the lumen and ease stent delivery.
Orbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis (postseptal cellulitis) is infection of the eye socket tissues behind the orbital septum, usually spreading from ethmoid or other paranasal sinusitis. Distinct from preseptal cellulitis; treated with IV antibiotics and surgery, it threatens vision and can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Orbital Chern insulator
An orbital Chern insulator is a magnetic insulating state in graphene moiré superlattices where orbital motion, not spin, produces a quantized anomalous Hall effect at zero magnetic field.
Orbital current
An orbital current is a flow of electrons carrying orbital angular momentum in a solid, generated electrically by the orbital Hall effect without needing spin-orbit coupling.
Orbital cyst
Orbital cyst (ICD-11 9A23): an epithelium- or tissue-lined cystic lesion in the orbit, congenital or acquired. Dermoid cysts dominate, 3-9% of orbital masses; diagnosis by CT/MRI, treatment by intact excision.
Orbital decay
Orbital decay, or a decaying orbit, is the progressive loss of orbital energy that shrinks a satellite's orbit, driven mainly by atmospheric drag in low Earth orbit.
Orbital eccentricity
Orbital eccentricity, written e, is a dimensionless orbital element measuring how much an orbit deviates from a perfect circle: 0 is circular, and values near 1 are elongated.
Orbital elements
Orbital elements, also called Keplerian or classical orbital elements, are the six parameters defining an orbit's size, shape, orientation, and the orbiting body's position, standard in satellite catalogs.
Orbital Express
Orbital Express was a DARPA mission launched in 2007 that demonstrated autonomous robotic satellite refueling, completing seven rendezvous and dockings and 14 refuelings in orbit.