All articles starting with O

Ottoman historiography

Ottoman historiography (Osmanlı tarih yazıcılığı) is the historical writing produced in and about the Ottoman state from the early 15th century to 1922, spanning court chronicles and official state history.

Ottoman Hungary

Ottoman Hungary was the central territory of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary under Ottoman rule from 1541 to 1699, organized as the province of Macaristan with its center at Buda.

Sep 23, 2026

Ottoman imperial council (Divan)

The Divan-i Humayun (ديوان همايون) was the Ottoman Empire's central ruling council, chaired by the sultan and later the grand vizier, until abolished by Mahmud II.

Ottoman Imperial Harem

The Ottoman Imperial Harem, also known as the Ottoman harem, was the sultan's family residence in Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, home to the dynasty for almost 400 years.

Ottoman Interregnum

Ottoman Interregnum (Fetret Devri), 1402-1413 civil war among Bayezid I's sons after Timur's victory at Ankara; Süleyman, İsa, Musa, and Mehmed fought until Mehmed I won in 1413.

Ottoman Land Law of 1867 (foreign ownership law)

The Ottoman Land Law of 1867 (قانون تملك الأراضي الأجنبية ١٨٦٧), known as the Safer Kanunu, granted foreign nationals the right to own real property in the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Law of Associations of 1909

The Ottoman Law of Associations of 1909 (قانون انجمن‌ها) was an Ottoman statute, enacted 16 August 1909, letting associations form by notification while banning secret and separatist ones.

Ottoman lira

The Ottoman lira (ليره عثمانيه) was the currency of the Ottoman Empire, introduced at 100 silver kurush by Sultan Abdulmecid I's 1844 reform and kept by the Turkish Republic.

Ottoman matchlock musket

The Ottoman matchlock musket, called fitilli tüfek in Ottoman Turkish, was the standard shoulder firearm of Ottoman infantry, above all the Janissaries, from the fifteenth into the late seventeenth century.

Ottoman military band

Mehter (مهتر, mehteran), the Ottoman military band or mehterhane, is among the world's oldest military bands: wind and percussion ensemble of the Janissary corps, abolished 1826, revived 1914 and 1952, source of alla turca style.

Ottoman Millet reform of 1862–1868

The Ottoman Millet reform of 1862–1868 (Millet Nizamnameleri) issued separate regulations for the Greek Orthodox, Armenian, and Jewish communities in 1862, 1863, and 1865, reducing clergy authority over community affairs.

Ottoman miniature

Ottoman miniature, called nakış or tasvir in Ottoman usage, is the tradition of small, detailed, brightly colored paintings made in the Ottoman Empire chiefly for court manuscripts.

Ottoman Mining Law of 1869

The Ottoman Mining Law of 1869 (قانون معادن) was a Tanzimat-era mining statute modeled on the French Mining Law of 1810, granting foreigners concessions and fixing ninety-nine-year terms.

Ottoman Nationality Law of 1869

The Ottoman Nationality Law of 1869 (قانون تبعیت عثمانی) defined who was an Ottoman subject, granting subjecthood by descent and requiring Imperial authorization before naturalizing abroad.

Sep 23, 2026

Ottoman Navy

The Ottoman Navy (Donanma-yi Humayun) was the imperial fleet of the Ottoman state, organized under Bayezid I and dominant in the Mediterranean by the mid-sixteenth century under Barbaros Hayreddin.

Ottoman occupation of Georgia

The Ottoman occupation of Georgia was the Ottoman Empire's occupation of Batumi and adjacent districts from April 1918 until December 1918, when it withdrew under the Armistice of Mudros.

Ottoman occupation of Nakhchivan

The Ottoman occupation of Nakhchivan refers to periods of Ottoman rule over the border region between the Ottoman and Safavid empires, in 1588–1603, 1724–1735, and 1918.

Ottoman Palestine

Ottoman Palestine: historical Palestine under Ottoman rule, 1516–1918, divided among the sanjaks of Jerusalem, Acre, and Nablus; defined by the 1858 Land Law, contested demography, and the First Aliyah.

Ottoman Post and Telegraph Ministry

The Ottoman Post and Telegraph Ministry (Posta ve Telgraf Nezareti) ran the empire's postal service and, from 1871, its telegraph network, later becoming the Turkish PTT.

Ottoman Press Censorship under Abdülhamid II

Ottoman press censorship under Abdülhamid II (ممنوعيات عبدالحميد) was the system of prior censorship, licensing, and banned-title lists through which Sultan Abdulhamid II controlled Ottoman publications.

Ottoman Press Law of 1857

The Ottoman Press Law of 1857 (قانون المطبوعات العثماني ١٨٥٧) was an Ottoman law requiring printing licenses and prior censorship, the first general regulation of printing in the empire.

Ottoman press law of 1864 and 1867

The Ottoman press law of 1864 (قانون مطبوعات), the Matbuat Nizamnamesi, was the empire's first law on periodicals; the 1867 Ali Kararname decree let the government close newspapers outright.

Ottoman Press Law of 1865

The Ottoman Press Law of 1865 (قانون المطابع والمطبوعات), or Matbuat Nizamnamesi, was an Ottoman press regulation requiring licenses for newspapers, based on the French press law of 1852.

Ottoman Public Debt Administration

The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (Duyun-u Umumiye) was a creditor-controlled Ottoman revenue body created in 1881 by the Muharrem Decree to pay foreign debts, operating until 1928.

Ottoman reconquest of Tripoli (1835)

The Ottoman reconquest of Tripoli was the May 1835 deposition of the Karamanli dynasty by an Ottoman naval expedition under Mustafa Necip Pasha, ending Tripoli's independence.

Ottoman Revival architecture

Ottoman Revival architecture, known in Turkey as the First National Architectural Period, reinterpreted 16th- and 17th-century Ottoman styles in buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Ottoman Syria

Ottoman Syria: the Arabic-speaking lands of Greater Syria under Ottoman rule from the 1516 conquest at Marj Dabiq until 1918, organized as the Damascus, Aleppo, and Tripoli provinces and later vilayets.

Ottoman textiles

Ottoman textiles are the woven fabrics, embroideries, and carpets of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century to 1922, centered on court silk brocades and velvets woven chiefly in Bursa.

Ottoman Tripolitania

Ottoman Tripolitania (Tarablus al-Gharb): the northwestern Libyan coastal region around Tripoli under Ottoman rule from the 1551 conquest until the Italian occupation of 1911, interrupted by Karamanli rule 1711–1835 and ceded by the 1912 Treaty of Ouchy.