All articles starting with O
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Oxford University Polo Club
The Oxford University Polo Club, founded in 1874 by Oxford undergraduates, is the University of Oxford's polo club, whose annual Varsity Match against Cambridge, first played in 1878, is among polo's oldest fixtures.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP), the University of Oxford's publishing department and the world's largest university press, traces printing to 1478; it publishes research, education, and English language teaching materials, earns over £800m annually, and operates in 50+ countries.
Oxford University Press journals programme
The Oxford University Press journals program publishes more than 500 academic journals, roughly three-quarters owned by learned societies, and in 2024 became a majority open access publisher.
Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S, AZD1222, Vaxzevria, COVISHIELD): replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral vector vaccine by Oxford's Jenner Institute and AstraZeneca; 63–72% efficacy, over 3 billion doses, ~6.2 million lives saved in 2021, withdrawn worldwide in 2024.
Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford, Mississippi: Lafayette County college town, home of the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) and William Faulkner's Rowan Oak; founded 1837, population about 26,800, site of the 1962 integration crisis.
Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship
Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship: anti-Stratfordian theory that Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550-1604), wrote the Shakespeare canon under a pseudonym; proposed by J. Thomas Looney in 1920, promoted by the Shakespeare Oxford Fellowship, contested by stylometric and chronology studies.
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire is a county in South East England with five districts including Oxford city. Its two-tier council system is set to be replaced by three unitary councils in 2028, now under government review.
Oxhide (牛皮)
Oxhide (牛皮, Niu pi) is Liu Jiayin's 2005 Chinese independent debut: 23 static shots, 110 minutes, filmed with her parents in their Beijing apartment about a failing leather shop; it won FIPRESCI and Caligari awards at the 2005 Berlinale.
Oxhide ingot
Oxhide ingots, also called oxhide copper ingots, are copper slabs with four corner handles that served as the standard of the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean copper trade.
Oxia Colles
Oxia Colles is a 595.24 km-wide group of small hills (colles) on Mars at 21.24°N, 333.73°E, named in 1985 from an albedo feature, near Oxia Planum in southern Chryse Planitia and noted for thousands of well-preserved mounds.
Oxia Dorsum
Oxia Dorsum is a 161-km ridge on Mars in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at about 18°N, 336°E, IAU-approved in 2022 and mapped within Oxia Planum, the Rosalind Franklin rover landing site.
Oxia Planum
Oxia Planum is a clay-rich plain on Mars just north of the equator, selected as the landing site for the European Space Agency's ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover.
Oxiacaque Oil and Gas Field
Oxiacaque is an operating onshore oil and gas field in Tabasco, Mexico, discovered in 1977 and operated by Pemex, producing medium sour crude from a fractured carbonate reservoir.
Oxib Queh
Oxib Queh, also spelled Oxib Kej, was the Ajpop, principal ruler of the K'iche' Maya kingdom, who reigned from Q'umarkaj until his execution in 1524.
OxiClean
OxiClean is an American brand of oxygen-based cleaning products, best known for its Versatile Stain Remover, a sodium percarbonate powder owned by Church & Dwight since 2006.
Oxiconazole
Oxiconazole (Oxistat) is a topical imidazole antifungal, US-approved 1988 as the first once-daily topical antifungal, for tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, and versicolor; 1% cream and lotion, negligible systemic absorption.
Oxidation chemistry of phenylenediamines
The oxidation chemistry of phenylenediamines describes how the three benzenediamine isomers oxidize stepwise through semiquinonediimine radicals and quinonediimines, reactions underlying hair dyeing, color photography, and toxicity problems.
Oxidation ditch
An oxidation ditch is a modified activated-sludge process that treats wastewater in a racetrack-shaped loop, using rotating aerators and long solids retention times to remove organic matter and nutrients.
Oxidation of Metals
Oxidation of metals is the reaction of a metal or alloy with oxygen or another oxidizing gas to form an oxide film or scale on its surface.
Oxidation state
Oxidation state, also called oxidation number, is the charge an atom would carry after ionic approximation of its bonds, defined by IUPAC in 2016 and written as Roman numerals in chemical names.
Oxidative addition
Oxidative addition, also called oxidative insertion, is an organometallic reaction in which a metal complex inserts into a covalent bond, raising its oxidation state by two.
Oxidative balance score
The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite index combining about 20 pro-oxidant and antioxidant dietary and lifestyle exposures, developed as a practical alternative to oxidative stress biomarkers.
Oxidative Coupling
Oxidative cross-coupling is a named synthetic method that forms bonds between two nucleophilic partners, usually C–H bonds, with an oxidant accepting the released electrons, avoiding prefunctionalization steps.
Oxidative coupling of methane
Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a catalytic reaction that converts methane directly to ethylene and ethane over oxygen at 700–850 °C, reported by G. Keller in 1982.
Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing
Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in aging is the lifetime accumulation of oxidative lesions in mitochondrial DNA, respiratory-chain proteins, and membrane lipids, causing declining respiratory capacity in aged tissues.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on hexagonal boron nitride
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a metal-free catalytic route to propene with low COx formation, first reported in 2016 by the Hermans group in Wisconsin.
Oxidative depolymerization of plastics
Oxidative depolymerization of plastics is a chemical recycling strategy that uses oxygen or oxidants to cleave polymer chains, yielding oxygenated chemicals such as dicarboxylic and benzoic acids.
Oxidative Heck reaction
The oxidative Heck reaction, also known as the dehydrogenative Heck or Fujiwara-Moritani reaction, is a Pd(II)-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling first reported by Fujiwara and Moritani in 1967.
Oxidative lignin depolymerization
Oxidative lignin depolymerization is the chemical breakdown of lignin, the aromatic polymer of plant cell walls, using oxidants like oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to produce aromatic chemicals, chiefly vanillin.
Oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway
Oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt): three irreversible reactions via G6PDH, 6PGL, and 6PGDH converting glucose 6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate, yielding two NADPH and CO2, rate-limited by NADPH-inhibited G6PD.