All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS, chemiosmotic coupling) is mitochondrial ATP synthesis driven by electron transfer through complexes I-V and a proton gradient; Peter Mitchell's 1978 Nobel-winning theory explains it, and UCP1 uncouples it for heat.
Oxidative polymerization
Oxidative polymerization is a chemical synthesis method in which an oxidizing agent converts monomers such as aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene derivatives into conjugated conducting polymers used in batteries, sensors, and coatings.
Oxidative pyrolysis
Oxidative pyrolysis is a thermal analysis method in which solid fuels like coal and biomass are heated in air so pyrolysis and partial combustion overlap.
Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress, also called oxidant stress, is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants that disturbs cell signaling and causes damage; Helmut Sies coined the term in 1985.
Oxide
An oxide is a binary chemical compound of oxygen with only one other element, such as CO₂ or H₂O, classified as acidic, basic, amphoteric, or neutral.
Oxide & Neutrino
Oxide & Neutrino are a UK garage duo from London, DJ Oxide and MC Neutrino of So Solid Crew, whose 'Bound 4 Da Reload (Casualty)' reached number 1 in 2000.
Oxide classification
Oxide classification is the sorting of oxides, binary compounds of oxygen with another element, into acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral families, with further categories for peroxides, superoxides, and mixed oxides.
Oxide Computer Co
Oxide Computer Co is an American technology company founded in 2019 in Emeryville, California. It sells the Oxide Cloud Computer, a rack-scale integrated system for on-premises cloud platforms.
Oxide dispersion strengthened steel
Oxide dispersion strengthened steel (ODS steel) is steel with nanoscale yttria particles dispersed through it, pinning dislocations to keep strength at high temperatures and under neutron irradiation.
Oxide interface magnetism
Oxide interface magnetism is magnetic order at the atomically sharp boundary between two non-magnetic oxide insulators, canonically the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, whose reported ferromagnetism remains disputed as intrinsic or an artifact.
Oxide interface superconductivity
Oxide interface superconductivity is superconductivity that appears only within a few nanometers of the boundary between two insulating oxides, such as LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃, and can be tuned by electrostatic gating.
Oxide memristors for analog AI
Oxide memristors for analog AI are two-terminal resistive-switching devices, typically built from oxides such as TaOx and HfOx, whose oxygen-vacancy motion gives gradual conductance used as synaptic weights in neuromorphic computing.
Oxide retinomorphic sensor
An oxide retinomorphic sensor is an image sensor built from oxide semiconductors like ITO and indium oxide, where each pixel both senses light and computes, mimicking the retina.
Oxide scale
Oxide scale is the layer of iron oxides, chiefly wüstite, magnetite, and hematite, that forms on iron and steel at high temperature, especially during hot rolling.
Oxide semiconductor synaptic transistors
Oxide semiconductor synaptic transistors are three-terminal thin-film devices, usually with an amorphous IGZO channel, whose conductance changes emulate biological synapse weight updates, built for low-power neuromorphic computing hardware.
Oxide semiconductor TFT backplane
An oxide semiconductor TFT backplane is a flat-panel display backplane whose thin-film transistors use an oxide semiconductor, most commonly indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO), offering high mobility, low leakage, and low power for OLED, LCD, and Micro-LED displays.
Oxide thermoelectric modules
Oxide thermoelectric modules are solid-state devices that convert heat into electricity using ceramic oxides, operating in air at high temperature where bismuth telluride modules fail.
Oxide thermoelectrics
Oxide thermoelectrics are thermoelectric materials based on metal oxides that convert temperature gradients into electricity, studied as stable, low-cost alternatives to alloys like PbTe, though with lower efficiency.
Oxide-derived copper
Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) is a nanocrystalline copper electrocatalyst made by reducing copper oxide, first reported in 2014 at Stanford for converting carbon dioxide into ethylene, ethanol, and acetate.
Oxide-derived copper catalysts
Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) is a copper electrocatalyst prepared by reducing a copper oxide precursor, best known for converting carbon dioxide into ethylene and ethanol at lower overpotentials than metallic copper.
Oxide-derived copper for CO2 reduction
Oxide-derived copper CO2 reduction catalyst, or OD-Cu, is a copper electrocatalyst made by oxidizing then reducing copper; the roughened, defect-rich surface boosts selectivity for multi-carbon products like ethylene and ethanol.
Oxide-derived copper for CO2-to-ethylene
Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) is copper prepared by oxidation followed by electrochemical reduction, producing a roughened, defect-rich surface that converts CO2 to multicarbon products, especially ethylene, more selectively than pristine copper.
Oxide-derived silver catalysts
Oxide-derived silver (OD-Ag) catalysts are silver electrocatalysts prepared by oxidizing silver and reducing it back, leaving a nanostructured surface that converts CO2 to carbon monoxide more selectively.
Oxide-mediated oxygen reduction mechanism on platinum
The oxide-mediated oxygen reduction mechanism on platinum holds that reduction of a thin surface oxide, not adsorbate binding alone, determines the oxygen reduction reaction's overpotential on polycrystalline platinum.
Oxide-zeolite (OXZEO) syngas-to-olefins
Oxide-zeolite (OXZEO) syngas-to-olefins is a catalytic process, introduced in 2016 at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, that converts synthesis gas directly into ethylene, propylene, and butenes.
Oxidizing agent
An oxidizing agent, also called an oxidant or oxidizer, is a substance that gains electrons in a reaction and is itself reduced; fluorine is the strongest common example.
Oxidosqualene cyclases
Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are enzymes that cyclize 2,3-oxidosqualene into polycyclic sterols and triterpenes without external energy input, yielding lanosterol in animals and fungi, cycloartenol in plants, and triterpenes such as beta-amyrin.
Oxiglutatione
Oxiglutatione (glutathione disulfide, GSSG, NOV-002, Glutoxim) is the oxidized form of glutathione, used in FDA-approved eye-surgery irrigating solutions BSS Plus (1981) and Navstel (2008) and investigated as an anticancer chemoprotective agent.
Oxime
An oxime is an organic compound of structure R₂C=NOH, formed when an aldehyde or ketone condenses with hydroxylamine; its best-known reaction is the Beckmann rearrangement, used to make the nylon-6 precursor caprolactam.
Oxime ester
An oxime ester is an organic compound in which an oxime's oxygen atom is acylated, widely used as a radical precursor in organic synthesis and as a photoinitiator.