All articles starting with O
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Old French
Old French (ancien français), the Romance language of northern France from the 9th to 14th century, descended from Latin with Gaulish and Frankish contact; first attested in the 842 Oaths of Strasbourg, ancestral to standard French via the Île-de-France dialect.
Old French Sign Language
Old French Sign Language (VLSF) is the natural signed language of the Paris deaf community documented from Desloges's 1779 account, modified by de l'Épée's methodical signs, and ancestral to modern LSF and American Sign Language via Laurent Clerc.
Old Glory
Old Glory is the American flag Captain William Driver of Salem, Massachusetts, named in 1824; hidden in a quilt in Nashville during the Civil War and raised over the city in 1862, it is now in the Smithsonian and the nickname applies to all U.S. flags.
Old Great Bulgaria
Old Great Bulgaria (Magna Bulgaria) was a 7th-century Onogur Bulgar polity founded by Khan Kubrat in the Pontic steppe around Lake Maeotis and the Kuban; it collapsed under Khazar pressure after Kubrat's death, its people splitting toward the Danube under Asparuh and elsewhere.
Old Gujarati literature
Old Gujarati literature, also called Maru-Gurjar, is writing in Old Gujarati from about 1251 to 1650, produced mainly by Jain monks as verse religious narratives called rasa.
Old Hall
Old Hall, chiefly Langley Old Hall, Burnhope, County Durham: early 16th-century Scrope fortified manor house, now a moated ruin, scheduled monument NHLE 1002328; the name also covers several Grade II listed English houses.
Old Harbour FSRU
The Old Harbour FSRU is a floating storage and regasification unit off Old Harbour Bay, Jamaica, the Caribbean's first, supplying the Old Harbour and Jamalco power plants since 2019.
Old Harry Rocks
Old Harry Rocks: chalk stacks, arches, and stumps at Handfast Point, Ballard Down, Dorset, eastern end of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site; Upper Cretaceous chalk once continuous with the Isle of Wight's Needles.
Old Havana
Old Havana (La Habana Vieja) is Havana's 1519-founded colonial historic district, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 with five plazas and Spanish fortifications, restored by the Office of the Historian through self-financing tourism revenue.
Old Henry
Old Henry (2021) is an American action western written and directed by Potsy Ponciroli, starring Tim Blake Nelson as an Oklahoma farmer revealed as Billy the Kid. Premiered at Venice 2021, released October 1, 2021; 94% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Old High German
Old High German (Althochdeutsch, Ahd., code goh), ca. 750–1050, the earliest written stage of German, defined by the Second Sound Shift, monastic religious texts like the Hildebrandslied, and Alemannic, Bavarian, and Franconian dialects.
Old High German incantations
Old High German incantations (Segen, Zaubersprüche) are short magical charms meant to cure or change things by the spoken word, preserved in 9th- and 10th-century manuscripts, most famously the two pagan Merseburg incantations.
Old History of the Five Dynasties
The Old History of the Five Dynasties (旧五代史) is the official history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, compiled under Xue Juzheng by order of Song Taizu.
Old Indian Legends
Old Indian Legends is a 1901 collection of fourteen Dakota tales, centered on the spider trickster Iktomi, retold in English by the Yankton Sioux writer Zitkála-Šá (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin).
Old Irish
Old Irish (Sengoídelc) is the oldest richly attested stage of Irish, a Goidelic Celtic language of the 8th–9th centuries AD, known chiefly from over 16,000 continental manuscript glosses, preceded by ogam-written Primitive Irish and followed by Middle Irish.
Old Japanese (上代日本語)
Old Japanese, or 上代日本語 (Jōdai nihongo), is the earliest attested stage of the Japanese language, spanning the Asuka and Nara periods and recorded in works like the Man'yōshū.
Old Jewish cemetery, Hebron
The Old Jewish Cemetery of Hebron (בית העלמין העתיק) is a historic Jewish burial ground on a hill west of Tel Hebron near the Cave of the Patriarchs, with about 5,000 graves in Karaite, Sephardic, rabbinic, and Ashkenazic sections, destroyed under Jordanian rule and restored from 1975.
Old Jewish Cemetery, Prague
The Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague's Josefov district served the city's Jewish community from the 15th century until 1787, its about 12,000 tombstones marking burials stacked up to twelve deep.
Old Kandahar citadel
Old Kandahar citadel: the man-made packed-clay citadel of Old Kandahar (Zorr Shar, Šahr-e kohna), west of modern Kandahar, Afghanistan. Probably early Achaemenid (6th century BCE), capital of Arachosia, destroyed by Nader Shah in 1738; excavated by Svend Helms 1976–1978.
Old Kilpatrick
Old Kilpatrick, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, is the site of the western terminal fort of the Antonine Wall. Excavated 1913-1931, it yielded distance slabs, a Jupiter altar, and the Wall's latest dated coin (Lucilla, 164-169).
Old King Cole
Old King Cole is a traditional English nursery rhyme (Roud 1164), first printed in William King's Useful Transactions in Philosophy in 1708, about a merry king with pipe, bowl, and fiddlers three, with unprovable Colchester-origin legends.
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Old Kingdom of Egypt, Dynasties 3-6 (about 2686-2181 BC), first great era of unified pharaonic rule and the Pyramid Age; saw Djoser's Step Pyramid, Giza's Great Pyramid of Khufu, Pyramid Texts, and collapse into the First Intermediate Period amid decentralization and climate change.
Old Latin
Old Latin: pre-Classical Latin of the 7th century BC to about the 1st century BC, also called Archaic or Early Latin; attested in inscriptions such as the Duenos text and Lapis Niger and in authors like Plautus, Terence, and Cato.
Old Location massacre
The Old Location massacre was the killing of unarmed protesters by police in Windhoek's Old Location, South West Africa, on 10 December 1959, during resistance to forced removal.
Old London Bridge
Old London Bridge was the stone bridge across the Thames between the City of London and Southwark, completed in 1209 and standing for over 600 years until its demolition in 1831.
Old MacDonald Had a Farm
Old MacDonald Had a Farm is a traditional anonymous children's song, Roud 745, first printed as "Ohio (Old Macdougal Had a Farm)" in Tommy's Tunes (1917), with the E-I-E-I-O nonsense refrain and earliest recordings from 1925.
Old Mahjar literature
Old Mahjar literature (المهجر) is Arabic literature produced in the Americas by emigrant writers from Syria and Lebanon, led by Kahlil Gibran and the New York Pen League.
Old maid (card game)
Old Maid, also called Schwarzer Peter, Le Pouilleux, or Baba Nuki, is a children's matching card game for two or more players: discard pairs, draw blind from a neighbor, and avoid holding the odd queen.
Old Man Logan
Old Man Logan is Mark Millar and Steve McNiven's 2008-2009 Wolverine storyline (Wolverine #66-72 plus Giant-Size) set on alternate Earth-807128, and the aged Logan character from it, later continued in Secret Wars and 2016-2018 series and adapted in spirit by the film Logan.
Old Man of Coniston
Old Man of Coniston, or Coniston Old Man, an 803 m Wainwright fell in the Lake District rising behind Coniston village, known for its copper mines, slate quarries worked since the 13th century, and the popular Low Water and Goat's Water circular walk.