All articles starting with O
9,097 articles
Old Prussians
The Old Prussians, also known as Baltic Prussians, were Baltic peoples living between the Vistula and Neman rivers, extinct as a distinct group by the seventeenth century.
Old quantum theory
Old quantum theory, also called the Sommerfeld–Bohr theory, imposed quantum conditions on classical mechanics, dominating atomic physics from 1900 until Heisenberg's matrix mechanics of 1925.
Old Quebec
Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) is Quebec City's historic district, founded by Champlain in the early 17th century and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985, with 4.6 km of preserved ramparts, the Citadel, and Martello towers.
Old Ramsar Hotel
Old Ramsar Hotel (هتل قدیم رامسر), also Grand Ramsar or Ramsar Azadi Hotel: Art Deco Pahlavi-era hotel in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran, built 1932–1938 by German architects, National Heritage no. 1520, host of the 1971 Ramsar Convention, now under restoration.
Old Rauma
Old Rauma (Vanha Rauma), UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991 in Rauma, Finland: a 29-hectare medieval wooden town centre of about 600 buildings, criteria iv and v, largest coherently preserved Nordic wood town.
Old Rectory
Old Rectory is the shared name of many former Church of England rectory houses, mostly Grade I to II listed, from the mid-14th-century Warton ruin to the 1787 Old Rectory of Bedford County, Virginia.
Old Red Sandstone
The Old Red Sandstone is a unit of continental red beds of late Silurian to early Carboniferous age, best exposed in Britain, Ireland, and lands around the North Atlantic.
Old River Control Structure
The Old River Control Structure, also called the Old River Control Complex, is a gated dam complex in Louisiana that keeps the Atchafalaya River from capturing the Mississippi.
Old Roger (Jolly Roger)
Old Roger, or Jolly Roger, is the generic name for Golden Age pirate flags, first recorded in 1724; the skull-and-crossbones design dates to Emmanuel Wynne in 1700, with black flags offering quarter and red flags none.
Old San Francisco
Old San Francisco (1927) is a Warner Bros. silent melodrama directed by Alan Crosland, with a Vitaphone synchronized music-and-effects score, starring Dolores Costello, Warner Oland, and Anna May Wong, set around the 1906 earthquake.
Old San Juan
Old San Juan (Viejo San Juan) is Puerto Rico's 1521-founded walled colonial district, the oldest continuously occupied European city in US territory, with UNESCO-listed fortifications, about 7,000 residents, and a major cruise port.
Old Sarum
Old Sarum, Wiltshire: site of earliest Salisbury, an Iron Age hillfort reused as a Saxon burh, Norman castle, and cathedral, abandoned after the 1226 move to New Sarum and a rotten borough until 1832.
Old Saxon
Old Saxon, also called Old Low German, is a West Germanic language of the northern German plains attested from the 9th century to about 1050, preserved chiefly in the roughly 6,000-line alliterative Heliand and ancestral to modern Low German.
Old Saxony
Old Saxony was the early medieval territory of the continental Saxons in northwestern Germany, between the Rhine and the Elbe, corresponding roughly to modern Lower Saxony and Westphalia.
Old School
Old School is a 2003 American comedy film directed by Todd Phillips, in which Luke Wilson, Will Ferrell, and Vince Vaughn start a fraternity to relive their college years.
Old school death metal (music genre)
Old school death metal (OSDM) is death metal played in the style of the late 1980s and early 1990s, strongest in Sweden and the United States.
Old School RuneScape
Old School RuneScape (OSRS) is Jagex's 2013 MMORPG restored from an August 2007 backup of RuneScape 2, with 23 skills, 0.6-second game ticks, 75%-threshold player polls, Ironman modes, and the Sailing skill added in 2025.
Old Serbian literature
Old Serbian literature (стара српска књижевност) is the medieval literature of the Serbs in Church Slavonic, running from about 1200 to the eighteenth century, with Saint Sava's Life of St. Simeon as its first original work.
Old Shatterhand
Old Shatterhand is Karl May's fictional German first-person narrator and Westman hero, blood brother of Winnetou, named for his fist blows; May claimed the identity himself from 1894.
Old Shatterhand (1964 film)
Old Shatterhand (1964) is a West German-French-Italian-Yugoslav Karl May western directed by Hugo Fregonese for Artur Brauner's CCC, starring Lex Barker, Pierre Brice, and Daliah Lavi, with an original screenplay and a Goldene Leinwand award.
Old soldiers' home
Old soldiers' home: residential institution for aged or disabled veterans, chiefly the U.S. National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (1865–1930), with predecessors Royal Hospital Chelsea (1692) and Les Invalides (1674); branches became VA medical centers.
Old South
Old South: the antebellum American South below the Mason-Dixon line, 1815–1861, a slave-based plantation society, and the romanticized Lost Cause image of it built after the Civil War through textbooks, monuments, and films like Gone with the Wind.
Old South Church
Old South Church in Boston is a United Church of Christ congregation gathered in 1669, worshiping since 1875 in a Ruskinian Gothic church in Copley Square.
Old South Meeting House
The Old South Meeting House is a 1729 brick Puritan meeting house in downtown Boston, best known as the staging ground for the Boston Tea Party.
Old Spanish Trail (auto trail)
The Old Spanish Trail was a 1910s and 1920s auto trail promoted as the shortest transcontinental highway, running from St. Augustine, Florida, to San Diego, California.
Old Sparky
Old Sparky is a nickname for US prison electric chairs, most famously Texas's chair used for 361 executions (1924-1964), now at the Texas Prison Museum in Huntsville; other states' chairs share the name.
Old Spice
Old Spice is an American men's grooming brand created in 1937 by the Shulton Company, sold to Procter & Gamble in 1990, spanning deodorants, body washes, and shampoos.
Old St Paul's Cathedral
Old St Paul's Cathedral was the medieval cathedral of the City of London, built between 1087 and 1314, gutted by the Great Fire of 1666 and replaced by Wren's cathedral.
Old St. Peter's Basilica
Old St. Peter's Basilica, begun under Constantine in the fourth century over the apostle Peter's tomb on the Vatican hill, served western Christendom for about 1,200 years before demolition.
Old Stock Americans
Old Stock Americans: colonial-descent US founding population, related to the WASP label; documented in Aleš Hrdlička's 1925 study 'The old Americans' and in Josiah Strong's 1885 'Our Country' Anglo-Saxon framing.