All articles starting with P
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Parakrama Pandya
Parakrama Pandya (பராக்கிரம பாண்டியன்) was a twelfth-century Pandya king of Madurai, known as Maravarman Parakrama Pandyan, whose siege by Kulasekhara drew Chola and Sri Lankan armies into the Pandya country.
Parakrama Samudra (පරාක්රම සමුද්රය)
Parakrama Samudra (පරාක්රම සමුද්රය), the "Sea of Parakrama," is an ancient irrigation reservoir at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, built under King Parakramabahu I between 1153 and 1186.
Paral Ko Aago
Paral Ko Aago (परालको आगो, "A Straw Fire") is a realistic Nepali short story by Guru Prasad Mainali, collected in his anthology Naso, about a farmer's quarrel with his wife.
Paralanguage
Paralanguage, also called vocalics, is the vocal but nonverbal side of speech: pitch, loudness, rate, rhythm, voice quality, and pauses. Coined in 1958 after Trager's founding article; measured how much meaning the voice carries beyond words.
Paraldehyde
Paraldehyde is a cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde introduced into medicine in 1882 by Vincenzo Cervello; once a widely used hypnotic, it survives only against refractory status epilepticus.
Paralegal
A paralegal, also known as a legal assistant, performs substantive legal work under a lawyer's supervision but may not give legal advice or represent clients in court.
Paralichthys californicus
Paralichthys californicus, the California halibut or California flounder (lenguado californiano), is a large-tooth flounder from Washington to Baja California, ambush-feeding on sand bottoms, right- or left-eyed, and a major California fishery species.
Paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys dentatus, the summer flounder or fluke, a left-eyed mid-Atlantic flatfish from Nova Scotia to Florida; ambush predator, fall spawner, and a rebuilt commercial and recreational fishery stock.
Paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys lethostigma, the southern flounder (lenguado limpio), is a left-eyed large-tooth flatfish of US Atlantic and Gulf coasts, estuarine-dependent, IUCN Near Threatened, and overfished in assessed stocks.
Paralichthys olivaceus
Paralichthys olivaceus, the olive flounder or Japanese flounder (hirame, 넙치), a large left-eyed flatfish of the Western Pacific; a leading East Asian aquaculture species, with a 546 Mb genome and metamorphic eye migration studied as a flatfish asymmetry model.
Paralimni
Paralimni here means Enosis Neon Paralimniou (Ένωση Νέων Παραλιμνίου), a Cypriot football club from Paralimni with official founding year 1936, four lost Cypriot Cup finals, and claret-and-blue colors from Bobby Moore's 1971 West Ham kits.
Paralithodes spp
Paralithodes (king crab genus, Lithodidae, Anomura) includes the red king crab P. camtschaticus, blue king crab P. platypus, and brown king crab P. brevipes; defined by five abdominal plates, commercially fished in Alaska and invasive in the Barents Sea.
Parallax
Parallax is the apparent shift of a nearby object against a distant background when viewed from different vantage points, used in astronomy to measure stellar distances.
Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar straight lines that never meet however far extended, staying a constant distance apart; Euclid's parallel postulate governs them, and denying it yields non-Euclidean geometries.
Parallel 36°30′ north
Parallel 36°30′ north, the Missouri Compromise line and Royal Colonial Boundary of 1665, a US latitude dividing Virginia/North Carolina, Kentucky/Tennessee, and slave from free territory.
Parallel Algorithms
Parallel algorithms perform multiple operations simultaneously on multiprocessors. Key ideas: work-efficiency, PRAM and BSP models, NC versus P-complete problems, Amdahl's law speedup limits, and MapReduce simulation results.
Parallel analysis
Parallel analysis is a statistical method for deciding how many factors or components to retain in factor analysis, comparing observed eigenvalues against those from random data of the same size.
Parallel analysis of RNA structure (PARS)
Parallel analysis of RNA structure (PARS) is a high-throughput sequencing method measuring RNA secondary structure transcriptome-wide, introduced by Michael Kertesz and colleagues in Nature in 2010.
Parallel and alpine snowboard racing
Parallel and alpine snowboard racing (FIS Snowboard Alpine): head-to-head Parallel Giant Slalom and Parallel Slalom on gated courses, World Cup since the 1990s, Olympic PGS at Milano Cortina 2026, Mixed Team Parallel added for Alpes 2030.
Parallel and distributed graph algorithms
Parallel and distributed graph algorithms solve graph problems such as connectivity, shortest paths, and matching using many processors or machines, spanning shared-memory, cluster, and network settings.
Parallel ATA
Parallel ATA (PATA), also called IDE, is a computer interface standard connecting hard disk and optical drives, dominant from the late 1980s until Serial ATA replaced it around 2006.
Parallel axis theorem
The parallel axis theorem, also known as Steiner's theorem, states that the moment of inertia about any axis parallel to a center-of-mass axis equals I_cm + md².
Parallel bias metadynamics
Parallel bias metadynamics (PBMetaD) is a metadynamics variant, proposed by Jim Pfaendtner and Massimiliano Bonomi in 2015, that replaces one high-dimensional bias with parallel one-dimensional biases per collective variable.
Parallel computing
Parallel computing, also called parallel computation or parallelisation, is the use of multiple processing elements executing parts of one problem simultaneously, spanning shared-memory threading, message passing, and GPU programming from multicore CPUs to supercomputers.
Parallel divorce proceedings and forum shopping
Parallel divorce proceedings are suits on the same divorce in courts of two states or countries, and forum shopping is choosing the forum whose rules favor a spouse.
Parallel evolution
Parallel evolution: independent evolution of similar traits or genetic changes in separate lineages under similar selection, distinguished from convergence by ancestry or genetic mechanism; key examples include stickleback armor reduction via repeated ectodysplasin and Pitx1 changes.
Parallel factor analysis
Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), also called CANDECOMP or CP, is a multi-way decomposition method that models three-way data arrays as sums of trilinear components, widely used in chemometrics.
Parallel group trial
A parallel group trial, also called a parallel design, is a clinical trial design in which participants are randomized to separate arms, each receiving only one treatment.
Parallel imaging (MRI)
Parallel imaging is an MRI acceleration technique that uses receiver coils with different spatial sensitivities to reduce scan time, with SENSE and GRAPPA the main reconstruction methods.
Parallel interference cancellation
Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) is a multiuser detection technique, used chiefly in CDMA receivers, that estimates and subtracts all other users' interference simultaneously rather than one user at a time.