All articles starting with P
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Partition coefficient
The partition coefficient, reported as log P, is the ratio of a dissolved substance's equilibrium concentrations in two largely immiscible solvents, such as octanol and water.
Partition function (number theory)
The partition function p(n) counts the ways a nonnegative integer can be written as a sum of positive integers, ignoring order; for example, p(4) = 5.
Partition function (statistical mechanics)
The partition function, also called the partition sum, is a normalized weighted sum over a system's possible states in statistical mechanics, whose logarithm yields internal energy, entropy, and free energy.
Partition lattice
The partition lattice is the partially ordered set of all set partitions of a finite set, ordered by refinement, written Πn and counted by Bell numbers.
Partition literature in English
Partition literature in English is the body of fiction, poetry, and memoir about the 1947 division of British India, which displaced over twelve million people.
Partition matroid
A partition matroid is a standard matroid example whose ground set is divided into disjoint parts, with a set independent when it contains at most one element from each part.
Partition numbers
The partition numbers p(n) count the ways a nonnegative integer n can be written as a sum of positive integers, ignoring order; the sequence begins 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.
Partition of a set
A partition of a set, or set partition, is a collection of nonempty, pairwise disjoint subsets, called blocks, whose union is the whole set, with every element in exactly one block.
Partition of Armenia (387)
The Partition of Armenia (تقسیم ارمنستان) was the 387 diplomatic settlement dividing Armenia between Theodosius I's Rome and Shapur III's Persia, with the larger eastern share going to Persia.
Partition of Bengal (1947)
Partition of Bengal (1947): division of British Bengal into West Bengal (India) and East Bengal/East Pakistan under the Radcliffe Boundary Commission award of 17 August 1947; unlike Punjab, no formal population exchange, with gradual migration of about five million Hindus and 1.5 million Muslims through 1970.
Partition of Bengal (বঙ্গভঙ্গ) (1905)
Partition of Bengal (বঙ্গভঙ্গ), 1905: Lord Curzon's division of Bengal into West Bengal and Eastern Bengal and Assam, effective 16 October 1905, annulled 12 December 1911 after Swadeshi agitation.
Partition of Chhatrasal's dominions
The partition of Chhatrasal's dominions was the 1732 division of the Bundela state of Bundelkhand among his sons Hirde Shah and Jagat Raj and Peshwa Bajirao I.
Partition of Georgia (1490)
The Partition of Georgia was the dissolution of the unified Kingdom of Georgia, ratified in 1490 by a royal council in Tbilisi under King Constantine II of Kartli.
Partition of India
Partition of India: August 1947 division of British India into India and Pakistan under the Mountbatten Plan and Radcliffe Line; 14-17 million displaced, up to two million killed; Kashmir dispute remains unresolved.
Partition of Ireland
Partition of Ireland: division of the island under the 1920 Government of Ireland Act and 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty into six-county Northern Ireland (UK) and the 26-county Irish Free State; border confirmed 1925, leading to civil war, the Troubles, and the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.
Partition of Jin
The Partition of Jin (三家分晋) was the division of the powerful Spring and Autumn state of Jin among three ministerial clans, effective in 453 BC after the Zhi clan's destruction.
Partition of Kilij Arslan II's realm among his sons
The partition of Kilij Arslan II's realm among his sons divided the Sultanate of Rum among eleven sons around 1184, sparking fratricidal struggle until 1205.
Partition of the Koch kingdom
The Partition of the Koch kingdom (কোচ রাজ্য বিভাজন) was the 1581 division of the Koch kingdom between Maharaja Nara Narayan, who kept the west, and his nephew Raghudev Narayan.
Partition of the Ottoman Empire
Partition of the Ottoman Empire: the Allied division of Ottoman lands via secret WWI pacts (Constantinople agreement 1915, Sykes-Picot 1916, Balfour Declaration 1917), the mandate system, Treaty of Sevres 1920, and its replacement by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne after the Turkish National Struggle.
Partition of the Vakataka kingdom
The Partition of the Vakataka kingdom (वाकाटक वंश विभाजन) divided the Vakataka realm in Vidarbha, present-day Maharashtra, among the sons of King Pravarasena I after his death.
Partition of unity
A partition of unity is a collection of functions on a space, valued between 0 and 1, that sum to 1 at every point and exist when the space is paracompact.
Partition of Zhou into Eastern and Western Zhou
The Partition of Zhou into Eastern and Western Zhou (周分东西) divided the shrinking Zhou royal domain into two small lordships, leaving the king a nominal title.
Partition pacts of al-Andalus
The partition pacts of al-Andalus were agreements between Castile and Aragon, chiefly the treaties of Tudilén (1151), Cazola (1179), and Almizra (1244), pre-assigning the Muslim territories of southern Spain to whichever crown conquered them.
Partition problem
The partition problem asks whether a multiset of positive integers can be divided into two subsets with equal sums. It is a classical NP-complete problem, proved by Karp in 1972.
Partition Sejm
The Partition Sejm was the confederated parliament of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that met in Warsaw from 1773 to 1775, ratifying the First Partition of 1772 and creating the Permanent Council.
Partitioned global address space
The partitioned global address space (PGAS) is a parallel programming model where processes share one global address space partitioned across the memories of participating processors.
Partitioned Zone (Saudi Arabia–Kuwait)
The Partitioned Zone, also called the Neutral Zone, is an area between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia left undivided by the 1922 Uqair Convention, with oil wealth shared.
Partitioning and transmutation
Partitioning and transmutation (P&T) is a proposed nuclear fuel cycle that separates long-lived actinides from spent fuel and fissions them into shorter-lived products, reducing waste radiotoxicity.
Partitioning defective 3
PARD3 (PAR3, ASIP; Drosophila Bazooka) is a human chromosome 10 scaffold gene of the Par-3/Par-6/aPKC polarity complex, controlling asymmetric cell division, epithelial apicobasal polarity, and acting as context-dependent tumor suppressor or promoter.
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) were three annexations of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, ending Polish statehood until 1918.