All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Pacifier
Pacifier (soother, dummy): silicone or latex teat with shield and ventilation holes for infant non-nutritive sucking. Reduces SIDS risk (OR 0.39), linked to otitis media and malocclusion; AAP, AAPD, and ACM guidance conflict on timing.
PACIFIER trial
PACIFIER (RisoR Crest Everolimus Eluting Stent trial, NCT07098195) is a Poly Medicure-sponsored, single-arm, open-label, multicentre study of 2,000 patients in India and Italy assessing target lesion failure at 360 days for a biodegradable-polymer everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent.
Pacifism
Pacifism is a commitment to peace and opposition to war, ranging from absolute rejection of all violence to contingent anti-warism. Also called relative or conditional pacifism; rooted in Christian, Indian ahimsa, and other traditions; linked to conscientious objection law.
Pacifying Expedition of Pablo Morillo
The Pacifying Expedition of Pablo Morillo (Expedición Pacificadora de Pablo Morillo) sailed from Cádiz in February 1815 to restore royal control over Venezuela and New Granada.
Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy
Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is left ventricular systolic dysfunction caused by chronic right ventricular pacing, affecting about 12% of pacemaker patients and presenting as heart failure.
Pack cementation
Pack cementation is a batch diffusion-coating process in which heated powder packs release halide vapors that deposit protective aluminum or chromium coatings on metal parts.
Pack rat
Pack rat (woodrat, genus Neotoma): North American herbivorous rodent known for building stick houses and middens and collecting shiny objects; 23 species, middens used to reconstruct ancient climates.
Pack-year
Pack-year: unit of cumulative tobacco exposure, one pack (20 cigarettes) daily for one year, computed as cigarettes/day × years ÷ 20; used for lung cancer screening eligibility (USPSTF 20 pack-years, Medicare and Australia 30).
Package manager
A package manager is a tool that automates installing, updating, configuring, and removing software libraries and their dependencies, resolving versions to produce a dependency graph; examples include apt, npm, and pip.
Package on package
Package on package (PoP) is a semiconductor assembly method in which fully packaged chips, typically a mobile application processor and DRAM, are soldered in a vertical stack.
Package substrate
A package substrate is the multilayer board inside a semiconductor package that mechanically carries silicon dies and electrically routes their connections to the motherboard, often using Ajinomoto Build-up Film.
Package tour
A package tour, also known as a package holiday or inclusive tour, combines travel services like flights and accommodation at one price, pioneered by Thomas Cook.
Package treatment plant
A package treatment plant is a pre-manufactured wastewater treatment facility, built in a factory and shipped to a site, typically serving small communities or individual properties with flows between 0.01 and 0.25 MGD.
Packaged Hospitals
Packaged Hospitals, also called Packaged Disaster Hospitals, are complete sets of hospital equipment and supplies stored long-term to set up a general hospital in an emergency, a concept from United States Cold War civil defense planning.
Packard
Packard, an American luxury automobile manufacturer, was founded in Warren, Ohio, in 1899 and produced over 1.6 million vehicles before discontinuing the marque in 1958.
Packard Bell
Packard Bell is a consumer electronics brand founded in 1926 in Los Angeles as a radio maker, later a major 1990s home PC seller now owned by Acer.
Packard V-1650 Merlin
The Packard V-1650 Merlin, also called the Packard Merlin, is the American-built version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engine, made under license during World War II.
PackBot
PackBot is a family of man-portable tracked military robots developed by iRobot, used since 2002 for bomb disposal, reconnaissance, and CBRN detection by armies, police, and first responders.
Packed bed reactor
A packed bed reactor, or fixed bed reactor, is a chemical reactor where reactants flow through a stationary bed of solid catalyst pellets inside a vessel.
Packed column (chemical engineering)
A packed column is a vertical vessel filled with packing material that brings rising gas into contact with descending liquid, enabling distillation, absorption, and stripping in chemical plants.
Packed Encoding Rules
Packed Encoding Rules (PER) are ASN.1 encoding rules specified in ITU-T X.691 that encode values more compactly than BER, mainly by omitting tags and lengths.
Packed red blood cells
Packed red blood cells (PRBCs, red cell concentrate) are plasma-depleted red cells transfused to raise oxygen-carrying capacity; stored 1-6°C up to 42 days in additive solutions like SAGM or AS-1/3/5, or frozen with glycerol.
Packed to the Rafters
Packed to the Rafters: Australian Seven Network comedy-drama (2008–2013, six seasons) created by Bevan Lee, starring Rebecca Gibney and Erik Thomson as Dave and Julie Rafter; Logie-winning hit continued as Back to the Rafters (2020).
Packer (oil well tool)
A packer is a downhole device that expands to seal the wellbore annulus in oil and gas wells, isolating zones for controlled production, injection, or treatment.
Packet analyzer
A packet analyzer, also called a packet sniffer or protocol analyzer, is software or hardware that captures network traffic and decodes it into packets for troubleshooting, security, and forensics.
Packet assembler/disassembler
A packet assembler/disassembler (PAD) is a device or software function that converts asynchronous terminal character streams into X.25 packets, defined by ITU-T recommendations X.3, X.28, and X.29.
Packet boat
A packet boat is a vessel on a regular coastal, river, or canal route carrying passengers, freight, and mail, named for the mail packets it carried.
Packet capture
Packet capture is the interception and recording of network traffic as it crosses a network interface, performed by tools such as tcpdump and Wireshark for troubleshooting, protocol development, and forensics.
Packet filtering
Packet filtering is a basic firewall technique that inspects each packet's header fields, such as IP addresses, ports, and protocol, and accepts or drops it against rules.
Packet loss
Packet loss, also called packet dropping, is the failure of one or more transmitted data packets to reach their destination in a packet-switched network, usually caused by congestion.