All articles starting with P
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Peloton Technology
Peloton Technology was a Silicon Valley company founded in 2012 that developed truck platooning systems for semi-trucks, reaching fleet customers before ceasing operations in 2021.
PELP1
PELP1 (MNAR, P160), proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1, is a 160-kDa human nuclear receptor coregulator scaffold on chromosome 17p13.2 that coactivates estrogen receptor signaling, reads histone marks, drives ribosome biogenesis, and is upregulated in breast, prostate, and other hormonal cancers.
PELS study
PELS (Post-Cardiotomy Extra-Corporeal Life Support Study, NCT03857217) is a retrospective multicenter cohort study by Maastricht UMC+ of 2,163 adults on ECLS after cardiac surgery, 34 centers, 16 countries, 2000-2020; in-hospital mortality 60.5%, 10-year survival 65.9% among survivors.
Pelseneer Island
Pelseneer Island, also known as Pic Luigi de Savoie, is a small ice-covered island in Wilhelmina Bay off Graham Land, discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–99.
Peltast
Peltast (peltastai, πελταστής): Thracian-origin Greek light infantryman armed with javelins and the small peltē shield; famous for Sphakteria 424 and Iphicrates' victory over a Spartan mora at Lechaeum 390 BCE.
Peltigera britannica
Peltigera britannica, the Pictish Dogtooth or flaky freckle pelt, is a tripartite foliose lichen (fungus, Coccomyxa, Nostoc) elevated from P. aphthosa in 1983, recognized by peltate detachable cephalodia and an oceanic British distribution.
Pelton wheel
The Pelton wheel, also called the Pelton turbine, is an impulse-type water turbine Lester Allan Pelton invented in the California gold fields in the 1870s, best suited to high head and low flow.
Peltophorum
Peltophorum (Vogel) Benth., yellow-flowered trees of Fabaceae subfamily Caesalpinioideae, also called Baryxylum; seven accepted species, pantropical, sister to Bussea, used as ornamentals, timber, fodder, and medicine.
Peltuinum
Peltuinum, ancient Roman town of the Vestini on the Navelli plateau near L'Aquila, Abruzzo; founded mid 1st century BC to control transhumance, crossed by the Via Claudia Nova, abandoned after a 5th-century AD earthquake.
Pelubiprofen
Pelubiprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the 2-arylpropionic acid family, related to ibuprofen, developed in South Korea and approved in 2007 for osteoarthritis, later for back pain.
Pelvic arteriovenous malformation
Pelvic arteriovenous malformation (pelvic AVM), a rare congenital high-flow vascular anomaly with internal iliac artery feeders and a dominant outflow vein; treated mainly by coil embolization of the draining vein, with recurrence up to 15%.
Pelvic congestion syndrome
Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS), now grouped under pelvic venous disorders (PeVD), causes chronic pelvic pain through reflux in ovarian and pelvic veins. Diagnosed by venography and vein diameter criteria; treated with embolization, hormonal therapy, or stenting.
Pelvic examination
Pelvic examination, also called pelvic exam or gynecological examination, is a physical exam of the vulva, vagina, cervix, and uterus using inspection, speculum, and bimanual palpation; recommended for symptoms, disputed as routine screening.
Pelvic examinations under anesthesia by medical students without consent
Pelvic exams under anesthesia (EUA) by medical students without consent: a formerly common teaching practice condemned by ACOG, APGO, and AMA, restricted by 20-plus US state laws, and barred by HHS guidance since April 2024.
Pelvic exenteration
Pelvic exenteration is a major operation removing the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs, first reported by Alexander Brunschwig in 1948 to treat advanced pelvic cancer.
Pelvic floor
Pelvic floor: the levator ani and coccygeus musculofascial sheet closing the pelvis, supporting organs, continence, and core stability; treatable dysfunction includes incontinence and prolapse, with PFMT effective and biofeedback adding little.
Pelvic floor dysfunction
Pelvic floor dysfunction: faulty pelvic floor muscle activity (hypertonic, hypotonic, or poorly coordinated) causing incontinence, prolapse, emptying disorders, pain; prevalence ~24-37% of women, 16% of men; physical therapy first line.
Pelvic hernia
Pelvic hernia (ICD-11 DD50.1): hernia through a foramen in the pelvic wall, including obturator, sciatic, perineal, and pudendal hernia; rare, mostly in elderly women, diagnosed by CT and treated surgically.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Female pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), also called salpingitis or upper genital tract infection, is an ascending infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, mainly caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea, diagnosed clinically and treated with 14 days of antibiotics.
Pelvic or perineal pain
Pelvic or perineal pain (ICD-11 MD81.11) is pain in the pelvic and perineal region, acute or chronic, with gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neuropathic causes; ultrasound is first-line imaging, and chronic primary pain syndromes need multidisciplinary care.
Pelvic organ prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), ICD-11 GC40, descent of the bladder, uterus, rectum, or vaginal walls into the vagina from pelvic floor weakness. Causes include childbirth; treated with pelvic floor training, pessaries, or surgery.
Pelvic osteotomy
A pelvic osteotomy is surgery that cuts and repositions pelvic bones to improve coverage of the femoral head in a dysplastic hip, most often by the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy in adults.
Pelvic pain
Pelvic pain, chronic when persistent or recurrent beyond three months (ICD-11), affects pelvic organs, muscles, and nerves in both sexes; classified by EAU into chronic primary pelvic pain syndrome and specific disease-associated pelvic pain.
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nervi erigentes) are preganglionic parasympathetic nerves from S2-S4 anterior rami supplying the bladder, hindgut, ureter, prostate, urethra, and erectile tissue via the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Pelvic thrust
Pelvic thrust: forward rhythmic pelvic movement used in dance styles (Trobriand mweki/Tapioca Dance, bucking, twerking), stage dance (Time Warp, jerk), and the barbell hip-thrust exercise.
Pelvic varices
Pelvic varices are tortuous dilated veins around the uterus or ovaries, ≥5 mm by SVP criteria, within pelvic venous disorders (formerly pelvic congestion syndrome); diagnosed by reflux on ultrasound or venography and treated with embolization.
Pelvimetry
Pelvimetry is the measurement of the diameters of the maternal pelvis and fetal head, by clinical exam, X-ray, CT, or MRI, to judge whether vaginal delivery is possible.
Pelvis
The pelvis, or pelvic girdle, is the bony structure at the base of the trunk that connects the spine to the legs and supports the upper body.
Pelvis-shoulder dysplasia
Pelvis-shoulder dysplasia, also called Kosenow syndrome or scapuloiliac dysostosis (OMIM 169550), is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysostosis with symmetrical hypoplasia of the scapulae and iliac wings, onset in infancy.
Pelviscapular dysplasia
Pelviscapular dysplasia, or Cousin syndrome (OMIM 260660), an ultra-rare autosomal recessive dysostosis caused by TBX15 loss-of-function variants, with short stature, hypoplastic scapulae and pelvis, hip dislocation, and craniofacial dysmorphism.