All articles starting with P
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Pensioenfonds voor de Gezondheid, Geestelijke en Maatschappelijke belangen (PGGM)
PGGM is a Dutch cooperative that manages and invests the pension assets of PFZW, the pension fund for Dutch healthcare workers, managing over €254 billion in 2025.
Pension
A pension, or retirement pension, is a retirement income arrangement offering either a formula-based lifetime defined-benefit payment or a defined-contribution account whose value moves with markets.
Pension fund
A pension fund, also known as a superannuation fund or retirement fund, is an investment vehicle for occupational pensions, holding USD 69.8 trillion in retirement assets worldwide at end-2024.
Pension funding status
Pension funding status is the difference between a defined benefit pension plan's assets and the present value of its promised benefits, expressed as a surplus, deficit, or funded ratio.
Pension reform in Kazakhstan
Pension reform in Kazakhstan replaced the Soviet pay-as-you-go system with a Chilean-style system of mandatory individual accounts, effective 1 January 1998, the first such transition in the CIS.
Pension systems by country
Pension systems by country compares how countries combine pay-as-you-go social insurance, mandatory funded accounts, occupational plans, and means-tested safety nets to provide income in old age.
PensionBee
PensionBee is a London-based financial technology company founded in 2014 by Romi Savova that combines scattered UK pensions into one online account, listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Pensive Bodhisattva (National Treasure 83)
The Gilt-bronze Pensive Bodhisattva is a gilt-bronze statue of National Treasure No. 83, made in the early 7th century and held at the National Museum of Korea.
Penske Automotive
Penske Automotive Group is an international diversified transportation services company operating franchised car and commercial truck dealerships across seven countries, holding a 28.9% stake in Penske Transportation Solutions and generating $31.8 billion in 2025 revenue.
Penske Truck Leasing
Penske Truck Leasing is an American transportation services company founded by Roger Penske in 1969 and headquartered in Reading, Pennsylvania, providing truck leasing, rental, maintenance, and logistics services.
Penstemon
Penstemon (beardtongues), genus Penstemon Schmidel of Plantaginaceae, is the largest flowering-plant genus endemic to North America, with roughly 250–280 mostly western species, bee- and hummingbird-pollinated syndromes, and many rare edaphic endemics.
Penstock
A penstock is a pressurized closed conduit that carries water from a reservoir, canal, or surge tank to a hydroelectric turbine, usually made of steel for high heads.
Penta-graphene
Penta-graphene is a theoretically proposed two-dimensional carbon allotrope, predicted in 2015, built entirely from carbon pentagons rather than hexagons; it remains unsynthesized and disputed as experimentally attainable.
Pentabio
Pentabio (PentaBIO, DTwP-HepB-Hib) is a WHO-prequalified pentavalent infant vaccine from Indonesia's PT Bio Farma, prequalified 19 December 2014 (FVP-P-309), protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Hib.
Pentaborane(9)
Pentaborane(9) (B₅H₉) is a colorless, volatile boron hydride liquid with a square-pyramidal structure, first reported in 1923 and studied as a high-energy jet fuel until toxicity and boron oxide deposits ended that use.
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE) is a brominated flame retardant, the main component of a commercial mixture used in polyurethane foam in furniture and mattresses before its phase-out in 2004.
Pentabromopseudilin
Pentabromopseudilin (PBP, PBrP) is a heavily brominated antibiotic made by marine bacteria such as Pseudoalteromonas, first described in 1966; it kills Gram-positive bacteria by dissipating their proton motive force.
Pentacel
Pentacel (DTaP-IPV/Hib), Sanofi Pasteur's pentavalent infant vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Hib; FDA licensed June 20, 2008, four doses at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, distinct from Pediarix and Vaxelis.
Pentacene
Pentacene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of five linearly fused benzene rings, a benchmark p-type organic semiconductor used in field-effect transistors and singlet fission solar cells, discovered in 1912.
Pentacene-doped p-terphenyl
Pentacene-doped p-terphenyl is an organic host-guest crystal, pentacene molecules dispersed at low concentration in a p-terphenyl lattice, used for single-molecule spectroscopy, zero-field room-temperature masing, and pressure and temperature sensing.
Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a manufactured organochlorine compound used since 1936 as a heavy-duty wood preservative, mainly for utility poles; the EPA classified it as carcinogenic to humans and is phasing it out by 2027.
Pentacle
A pentacle (Pantacle) is a five-pointed star enclosed in a circle, used as a ritual symbol in Wicca, magic, and on US veterans' headstones since 2007.
Pentadesma butyracea
Pentadesma butyracea (butter tree, tallow tree) is a West and Central African Clusiaceae tree up to 35 m whose seeds yield an edible butter rich in oleic and stearic acids, used in food, cosmetics, and traditional medicine.
Pentaerythritol
Pentaerythritol, also known as monopentaerythritol, is a white crystalline four-hydroxyl alcohol (C₅H₁₂O₄) made from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and used mainly in alkyd resins and the explosive PETN.
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), also known as nitropenta, is the nitrate ester of pentaerythritol, a white crystalline solid used as a powerful explosive and as a vasodilator drug for angina.
Pentafoil knot
The pentafoil knot (cinquefoil knot, Solomon's seal knot) is the simplest torus knot after the trefoil, with five crossings, first made as a 160-atom molecule in 2011.
Pentagastrin
Pentagastrin is a synthetic pentapeptide analog of the hormone gastrin, used chiefly as a diagnostic stimulant in gastric acid secretion testing and the calcitonin test for medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Pentago
Pentago is a two-player abstract strategy game by Tomas Flodén (Mindtwister, Sweden, 2005): place a marble on a 6×6 board, rotate a 3×3 quadrant 90°, and make five in a row. Strongly solved in 2014 as a first-player win.
Pentagon
A pentagon is a polygon with five straight sides forming a closed shape; each interior angle of a regular pentagon is 108°, and its diagonal-to-side ratio is the golden ratio.
Pentagon (펜타곤) (South Korean band)
Pentagon (펜타곤, PENTAGON) is a Cube Entertainment K-pop boy group formed on the 2016 Mnet show Pentagon Maker, debuting October 10, 2016 with ten members; known for "Shine", "Daisy", member self-production, and the 2023 contract endings.