All articles starting with P

Pentium II

The Pentium II, also known as Pentium 2, is an Intel x86 microprocessor introduced in 1997, combining the Pentium Pro's P6 core with MMX technology in a Slot 1 cartridge.

Pentium III

Pentium III, also known as Pentium 3, is a line of x86 microprocessors Intel introduced in 1999 as successor to the Pentium II, distinguished by its new SSE instructions.

Pentlandite

Pentlandite is a bronze-yellow iron-nickel sulfide mineral, (Fe,Ni)₉S₈, and the most important ore of nickel, mined at Sudbury and associated with pyrrhotite in ultramafic igneous rocks.

Pentobarbital (Nembutal) is a short-acting Schedule II barbiturate acting on GABA-A receptors, with a 15-50 hour half-life; used for sedation, preanesthesia, emergency seizure control, veterinary euthanasia, and US lethal injection.

Pentolinium

Pentolinium (Ansolysen, pentolonium) is a bisquaternary pyrrolidinium ganglionic blocking agent, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist once used for severe hypertension, later for surgical hypotension and autonomic research.

Pentomino

Pentomino: a polyomino of five edge-connected squares; 12 free, 18 one-sided, 63 fixed forms named F–Z by Solomon Golomb (1953). The 12 pieces tile 6×10 rectangles in 2,339 ways and inspired games like Blokus and Tetris.

Pentosan polysulfate sodium

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS, Elmiron) is a semi-synthetic heparin-like sulfated polysaccharide approved orally for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and used in veterinary osteoarthritis; long-term use is linked to dose-dependent pigmentary maculopathy.

Pentose

A pentose is a monosaccharide whose molecule contains five carbon atoms, with aldehyde-bearing aldopentoses including ribose, xylose, and arabinose, and ketopentoses including ribulose; ribose forms RNA's sugar backbone.

Pentose fermentation

Pentose fermentation is the microbial conversion of five-carbon sugars, chiefly xylose and arabinose, into ethanol, allowing lignocellulosic biomass to be used for fuel alcohol production.

Pentose phosphate pathway

Pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt), a cytosolic glucose-oxidizing pathway parallel to glycolysis producing ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotides and NADPH for biosynthesis and antioxidant defense; two NADPH per glucose 6-phosphate via G6PDH.

Pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis interconversion

The pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis interconversion is a set of reversible reactions exchanging glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate between the two routes.

Pentosidine

Pentosidine is a fluorescent advanced glycation end product that cross-links arginine and lysine residues in proteins through a pentose-derived ring, accumulating in aging, diabetes, and uremia.

Pentostatin

Pentostatin, also known as 2'-deoxycoformycin, is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated in 1974 from Streptomyces antibioticus that potently inhibits adenosine deaminase and is used to treat hairy cell leukemia, marketed as Nipent.

Pentosuria

Pentosuria, also called essential pentosuria, is a benign hereditary metabolic condition in which 1 to 4 grams of the sugar L-xylulose are excreted in urine daily, mainly in Ashkenazi Jews.

Pentoxazone

Pentoxazone (ペントキサゾン, Vexor, KPP-314) is an oxazolidinedione PPO-inhibiting herbicide for paddy rice, synthesized at Sagami Chemical Research Institute and developed by Kaken Pharmaceutical, registered in Japan in 1997, controlling barnyard grass and sulfonylurea-resistant Lindernia and Monochoria.

Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline (oxpentifylline, Trental), a methylxanthine hemorheologic drug for intermittent claudication; approved 1972 Europe, 1985 US; no longer recommended for claudication, used for venous ulcers.

Pentrich

Pentrich, Derbyshire village near Ripley with a Celtic-origin name, a Scheduled Roman fortlet on Castle Hill beside Ryknild Street, St Matthew's church (c.1150), Chatsworth estate history, and the 1817 rising.

Sep 21, 2026

Pentti Eskola

Pentti Eskola (1883–1964) was a Finnish geologist and petrologist, professor at the University of Helsinki, who originated the metamorphic facies concept and won the Wollaston Medal.

Pentti Karvonen

Pentti Karvonen (1931-2022), Finnish steeplechase runner nicknamed Pena, set 3,000 m steeplechase world records of 8:47.8 and 8:45.4 in July 1955; later a watchmaker, coach, and Finnish athletics administrator.

Pentti Linnosvuo

Pentti Tapio Aleksi Linnosvuo (1933–2010), Finnish pistol shooter, two-time Olympic champion: free pistol gold Melbourne 1956 and rapid-fire pistol gold Tokyo 1964, silver Rome 1960; Finland's most successful Olympic shooter.

Oct 22, 2026

Pentti Saarikoski

Pentti Saarikoski (1937–1983) was a Finnish poet, translator, and journalist and a central figure of twentieth-century Finnish literature, famous for his 1962 collection What Really Happens? and for translating Homer, Joyce, and Salinger into Finnish.

Oct 22, 2026

Pentti Sammallahti

Pentti Sammallahti (born 1950, Helsinki) is a Finnish photographer known for meticulously hand-printed black-and-white images of people, animals, and landscapes; a benchmark figure in Finnish photography, his work is held by MoMA and the Stedelijk Museum.

Sep 19, 2026

Pentu (royal scribe)

Pentu, also written Penthu, was an Egyptian royal scribe, royal chamberlain, and chief physician who served the Aten under Akhenaten and owned rock tomb 5 at Tell el-Amarna.

Pentylenetetrazole

Pentylenetetrazole, also known as pentetrazol and formerly sold as Metrazol, is a GABA A receptor antagonist used in laboratory animals to induce seizures for epilepsy research and drug screening.

Penuelas LNG Terminal

The Peñuelas LNG Terminal is a liquefied natural gas import and regasification terminal in Peñuelas, Puerto Rico, opened in 2000 and owned and operated by EcoEléctrica.

PENUT trial

PENUT (Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial, NCT01378273) was a US phase 3 trial of high-dose erythropoietin in 941 infants born at 24-27 weeks' gestation; it found no reduction in death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years.

Penybont

Penybont FC (Pen-y-Bont FC), Welsh football club in Bridgend formed 2013 from the merger of Bridgend Town and Bryntirion Athletic; Cymru Premier member since 2019-20, Welsh League champions 2018-19, Welsh Cup runner-up 2021-22, UEFA Conference League qualifier.