All articles starting with P
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Philippine Declaration of Independence
Philippine Declaration of Independence, or Acta de la Proclamación de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino, proclaimed June 12, 1898 by Emilio Aguinaldo at Kawit, Cavite, read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista; unrecognized until July 4, 1946, and commemorated as Independence Day since Macapagal's 1962 change.
Philippine drug war
Philippine drug war: anti-drug campaign launched by Rodrigo Duterte June 30, 2016, featuring Oplan TokHang raids and thousands of killings; now before the ICC as a crimes-against-humanity case and continued under Marcos Jr.
Philippine eagle
Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), the Philippines' national bird, a critically endangered forest raptor endemic to Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao; about 392 breeding pairs remain, threatened by shooting and habitat loss, with PEF captive breeding and Leyte reintroduction underway.
Philippine English
Philippine English is the variety of English spoken and written in the Philippines, where English is an official language alongside Filipino, used in law, education, and media.
Philippine epic
A Philippine epic is a long heroic narrative in verse, originally sung or chanted, recounting a hero's adventures and expressing the customs, beliefs, and ideals of a specific ethnolinguistic group.
Philippine Executive Commission
The Philippine Executive Commission, in Filipino Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas, was the interim civil government administering the Japanese-occupied Philippines under Chairman Jorge B. Vargas from 1942 to 1943.
Philippine Forest Dog
The Philippine Forest Dog, known in Filipino as Asong Gubat, is a landrace-type hunting dog from the Philippines that proponents seek to have recognized as the country's first purebred breed.
Philippine Graphic
Philippine Graphic is a Philippine magazine of national circulation, founded in 1927 as the Graphic, that publishes news and features alongside Filipino short fiction and poetry in English.
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), state social health insurer created by RA 7875 in 1995 to administer the National Health Insurance Program; premiums 5% under the 2019 UHC Act, case-rate benefits, and 2025 Supreme Court fund-return ruling distinguish it.
Philippine Independent Church
The Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente), also called the Aglipayan Church, is a Christian church proclaimed in Manila in 1902 as an independent national Catholic church rejecting papal authority.
Philippine kinship
Philippine kinship, the bilateral (cognatic) family reckoning system of the Philippines, also called Malayan-type kinship. Descent traced equally through both parents; generation-based, weakly sex-differentiated terminology; compadrazgo godparenthood; regional variation including segmentary lineal-like organization in the Islamic south.
Philippine Legion of Honor
The Philippine Legion of Honor (Lehiyong Pandangal ng Pilipinas) is a Philippine state honor recognizing meritorious service connected with the Republic's military affairs, open to Filipino and foreign citizens.
Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu
Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu (born 1963) is a French actress, star of Emily in Paris as Sylvie Grateau, Call My Agent!, and Trois hommes et un couffin, which earned her a César nomination.
Philippine Literary Arts Council
The Philippine Literary Arts Council (PLAC) is a Philippine organization of poets founded in 1981 by Cirilo F. Bautista and four others, publisher of the journal Caracoa.
Philippine literature
Philippine literature, also known as Filipino literature, is a collection of works written in various languages. It reflects indigenous, Spanish, and American colonial influences, alongside older traditions.
Philippine Marine Corps
Philippine Marine Corps (Hukbong Kawal Pandagat ng Pilipinas), naval amphibious force of the Philippine Navy founded November 2, 1950 as Alpha Company; four brigades, Coastal Defense Regiment with BrahMos anti-ship missiles, Archipelagic Coastal Defense doctrine.
Philippine Merchant Marine Academy
The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA) is the government maritime academy of the Philippines in San Narciso, Zambales, training merchant marine and Navy officers since 1820.
Philippine mythology
Philippine mythology: the diverse oral myth traditions of the archipelago's ethnolinguistic groups, including Tagalog Bathala, Visayan Kaptan and Magwayen, and the shared Bakunawa, documented from Blumentritt's 1895 dictionary onward.
Philippine national identity card
The Philippine national identity card, also known as the PhilSys ID, is the official credential of the Philippine Identification System, created by a law signed in 2018.
Philippine National Oil Company
The Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) is the Philippines' wholly government-owned energy corporation, created by presidential decree in 1973 during the first oil crisis to secure the nation's oil supply.
Philippine National Police
Philippine National Police (PNP), Pulis ng Pilipinas: national civilian police force under the DILG, created by RA 6975 in 1991 from the PC/INP; about 232,000 members, NAPOLCOM oversight, eight focus crimes, and drug-war accountability controversies.
Philippine National Railways
The Philippine National Railways (PNR) is the state-owned railway operator of the Philippines, created in 1964, which suspended Metro Manila commuter service in 2024 for North-South Commuter Railway construction.
Philippine nationality law
Philippine nationality law governs who are Filipino citizens under the 1935, 1973, and 1987 Constitutions, Commonwealth Act 473 naturalization, Commonwealth Act 63 loss rules, and RA 9225 retention and reacquisition of citizenship.
Philippine Navy
Philippine Navy (Hukbong Dagat ng Pilipinas): naval service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, established May 1898. Key distinctions: archipelagic defense mission under RA 7898, ongoing Horizon-based modernization with Korean-built frigates, and South China Sea posture.
Philippine novel in English
The Philippine novel in English is the tradition of full-length fiction written in English by Filipino authors, beginning with Zoilo Galang's A Child of Sorrow in 1921.
Philippine olympic committee
Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), the Philippines' National Olympic Committee; private NGO recognized by the IOC in 1929, founded 1911 as the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation; sole authority for Philippine teams at the Olympic, Asian, and Southeast Asian Games, led by president Abraham Tolentino.
Philippine Ordinances
The Philippine Ordinances (Ordenações Filipinas) are the Portuguese law code ordered by Philip II of Spain during the Iberian Union, in force from 1603 and remaining the basis of Brazilian law until 1916.
Philippine Organic Act (1902)
The Philippine Organic Act, also called the Philippine Bill of 1902, was a 1902 act of the US Congress establishing civilian government in the Philippines.
Philippine passport
The Philippine passport, also called the Filipino passport, is the travel document issued to Filipino citizens by the Department of Foreign Affairs for international travel.
Philippine peso
The Philippine peso (PHP) is the currency of the Philippines, issued solely by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and subdivided into sentimos, with polymer banknotes introduced from 2022.