All articles starting with P

Photographer (2026 film)

Photographer (போட்டோகிராபர்) is a 2026 Tamil survival thriller directed by and starring Ashraf as Veera, an obsessive photographer stranded in the Mathikettan Solai forest; produced by ABS Entertainments, released 7 August 2026, UA 13+.

Photographic film

Photographic film is a light-sensitive material of silver halide crystals in gelatin on a plastic base, on which light exposure creates a latent image developed into a visible picture.

Photographic paper

Photographic paper is paper coated with light-sensitive materials, historically silver salts, used to make positive prints from photographic negatives; early printing-out papers needed light alone, later papers chemical development.

Photographic processing

Photographic processing converts exposed film or paper into a stable image via developer, stop bath, fixer, and wash. Key processes are C-41 color negative, E-6 slide, black-and-white, and ECN-2 cinema film; only C-41 and E-6 are fully standardized.

Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions

Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions is an 1843 book of cyanotype algae images by British botanist Anna Atkins, widely considered the first photographically illustrated book.

Photography

Photography is the art and science of making images with light on light-sensitive film or electronic sensors, publicly introduced in 1839 and used in art, journalism, science, and everyday life.

Photography and the law

Photography and the law covers copyright in photographs (1865 US statute, Burrow-Giles v. Sarony), privacy and publicity rights of subjects, rules for shooting in public versus private places, model and property releases, and how photography's legal history frames AI-generated image disputes.

Photography in India

Photography in India is the history and practice of photography on the subcontinent from the daguerreotype's 1839 arrival, through colonial-era documentation, to modern Indian photojournalism.

Photogravure

Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking process in which a photographic image is etched into a copper plate and printed in ink, developed by Karl Klič around 1879.

Photoimmunotherapy

Photoimmunotherapy, often called NIR-PIT, is a cancer treatment in which antibody-dye conjugates bound to tumor cells are activated by near-infrared light, killing them within minutes.

Photoinduced electron transfer

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is an electron transfer reaction driven by light, where excitation makes a molecule a stronger reductant or oxidant, underlying photosynthesis and photoredox catalysis.

Photoinduced ferroelectricity

Photoinduced ferroelectricity is the emergence or modification of switchable electric polarization driven by light rather than cooling or electric fields, first shown in strontium titanate in 2019.

Photoinduced force microscopy

Photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) is a scanning probe technique that maps chemical composition at nanometer resolution by detecting the force light induces between an AFM tip and a sample.

Photoinduced phase transition

A photoinduced phase transition is an ultrafast, light-triggered change in a solid's electronic, spin, or lattice order, studied most intensively in 1T-TaS2 and explored for ultrafast memory and photodetection.

Photoinduced self-healing in perovskite films

Photoinduced self-healing in perovskite films is the autonomous recovery of photoluminescence and solar-cell efficiency after light-induced damage, first reported in 2015, requiring no external material and working over seconds to days.

Photoinjector

A photoinjector is an electron source for particle accelerators in which a pulsed laser strikes a photocathode inside an electron gun, releasing electrons accelerated by DC or RF fields.

Photoionization

Photoionization is the process in which an atom or molecule absorbs a photon energetic enough to eject an electron, and in astronomy also describes gas kept ionized by ultraviolet light from hot stars.

Photojournalism

Photojournalism, also known as press photography, is a form of journalism that documents real events in photographs for news reporting, taking modern shape in the early 20th century once small-format cameras became widely available.

Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis (ultraviolet keratitis, arc eye, snow blindness) is a painful, usually bilateral corneal epithelial injury from UV exposure, with delayed onset 6-12 hours and self-healing within 24-72 hours.

Photolithography

Photolithography, also known as optical lithography, is the semiconductor manufacturing process that transfers a geometric circuit pattern from a photomask onto a photoresist coating on a wafer.

Photoluminescence

Photoluminescence is luminescence arising from photoexcitation, where a material absorbs photons and re-emits light as fluorescence or longer-lasting phosphorescence; it is widely used to characterize semiconductors.

Photoluminescence blinking

Photoluminescence blinking, also called photoluminescence intermittency, is the random switching of a single light-emitting particle between bright and dark states, first observed in colloidal quantum dots in 1996.

Photoluminescence detection

Photoluminescence detection is a contactless spectroscopy technique that measures the light a material emits after absorbing photons, used to characterize semiconductor defects, impurities, and band gaps.

Photoluminescence imaging

Photoluminescence imaging is a contactless optical technique that maps luminescence from photoexcited semiconductors to assess defects and carrier lifetime, widely used on silicon solar cells.

Photoluminescence spectroscopy

Photoluminescence spectroscopy measures the light a material emits after absorbing photons, using that emission to characterize electronic structure, defects, and optical quality, with time-resolved variants reporting carrier recombination.