All articles starting with P

Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri), the pea-sized master endocrine gland below the hypothalamus in the sella turcica; anterior lobe makes TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin; posterior lobe stores oxytocin and ADH.

Pituitary Irradiation

Pituitary irradiation (pituitary gland irradiation, MeSH D010910) is radiotherapy to the pituitary, second- or third-line for pituitary adenomas; 45-50 Gy fractionated or SRS, control over 90% at 10 years, hypopituitarism 30-60% at 5-10 years.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS), also called ectopic neurohypophysis, is a rare congenital pituitary defect defined on MRI by an interrupted stalk, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic posterior pituitary, causing progressive hormone deficiencies.

Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests

Pituitary-adrenal function tests, including the 250 µg and 1 µg ACTH (cosyntropin/Synacthen) stimulation tests, insulin tolerance test, metyrapone test, and morning cortisol, evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to diagnose primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Pituophis

Pituophis is a genus of large, non-venomous constrictor snakes ranging from southwestern Canada to central Guatemala, known as pine snakes, gopher snakes, and bullsnakes, which hiss and bellow in defense.

PITX2

PITX2 (paired like homeodomain 2, formerly RIEG), gene at human chromosome 4q25 encoding a bicoid-related homeodomain transcription factor governing left-right asymmetry, pituitary, eye, tooth, and heart development; mutations cause Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and link to atrial fibrillation.

Pity Martínez

Pity Martínez (Gonzalo Nicolás Martínez, born 1993) is an Argentine attacking midfielder from Guaymallén, Mendoza; two-time Copa Libertadores winner with River Plate (2015, 2018), 2018 South American Player of the Year, later Atlanta United, Al-Nassr, and Tigre.

Oct 22, 2026

Pity the Farmers

Pity the Farmers (悯农, Mǐn Nóng) is a set of two Tang dynasty quatrains by the poet Li Shen that sympathize with the farmer, known to nearly every Chinese schoolchild.

Pityous

Pityous, also known as Pityus, Pitiunt, or Bichvinta (ბიჭვინთა), was an ancient city and Roman fortress on the eastern Black Sea coast at modern Pitsunda, Georgia.

Pityriasis

Pityriasis, a monotypic passerine bird genus (Bornean Bristlehead, Pityriasis gymnocephala), family Pityriaseidae; endemic to Borneo, taxonomically enigmatic, allied with at least seven families; not the skin condition pityriasis.

Pityriasis alba

Pityriasis alba, also called white eczema, is a common childhood skin disorder causing round, mildly scaly hypopigmented facial patches, linked to atopic dermatitis, not contagious, and usually resolving within about a year.

Pityriasis amiantacea

Pityriasis amiantacea (tinea amiantacea, pseudotinea amiantacea) is a scalp reaction pattern with thick asbestos-like scales binding hair tufts, first described by Alibert in 1832, usually linked to psoriasis, seborrhoeic or atopic dermatitis, or tinea capitis.

Pityriasis lichenoides

Pityriasis lichenoides (PL, Mucha-Habermann disease) is a rare inflammatory skin disease of unknown cause with acute PLEVA and chronic PLC forms, treated mainly with phototherapy or antibiotics.

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea, also called pityriasis rosea of Gibert, is a self-limiting scaly rash with a herald patch and Christmas-tree secondary eruption, resolving in 6–10 weeks; HHV-6/7 reactivation is the leading suspected cause.

Pityriasis rubra pilaris

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP, Devergie disease) is a rare papulosquamous inflammatory skin disorder with orange-red scaly plaques, follicular papules, and palmoplantar keratoderma; six Griffiths types, CARD14-linked familial form, treated with retinoids, methotrexate, and biologics.

Pityusa Patera

Pityusa Patera, a large volcanic depression in Malea Planum, southern Mars near Hellas basin; IAU diameter 196.51 km, formed 3.9–3.8 Ga; interpreted as a giant caldera above a crust-mantle-boundary magma chamber.

Pityusa Rupes

Pityusa Rupes, also once cataloged as Pityusa Dorsa, is a 430-km-wide IAU-approved escarpment (rupes) on Mars at about 64°S in Malea Planum, named in 1985 from an Antoniadi albedo feature.

Pitzer College

Pitzer College, founded 1963 in Claremont, California, is a private liberal arts college of the Claremont Colleges (5Cs), known for social justice values, participatory governance, test-free admissions, and study abroad (36% participation).

Piua Pietrei

Piua Petrii (Piua Pietrii), Giurgeni, Ialomița County, Romania: site at the Ialomița-Danube confluence with a disputed 4th-century Roman fortification opposite Carsium and the medieval town Orașul de Floci, excavated from 1975.

Piura (city)

Piura, capital of Peru's Piura Region, founded by Pizarro in 1532 at Tangarará and re-founded 15 August 1588 at El Chilcal; hot northern coastal city on the Piura River, prone to El Niño flooding and drought.

Piura (district)

Piura district, one of 10 districts of Piura province, Peru, contains the city of Piura, departmental capital at 29 m elevation, definitively founded 15 August 1588 as San Miguel del Villar; density 660.02 hab/km2 (1999).

Pius I

Pius I was, according to the Vatican's official list, the tenth Bishop of Rome, holding the office from 142 or 146 to 157 or 161.

Oct 22, 2026

Pius Ngandu Nkashama

Pius Ngandu Nkashama (1946–2023) was a Congolese novelist, playwright, poet, and literary critic who wrote in French and Tshiluba and taught at Louisiana State University.

Pius VIII

Pius VIII, born Francesco Castiglioni, was pope from 1829 until his death in 1830, elected after a deadlocked conclave and known for the encyclical Traditi humilitati.

Pius Zingerle

Pius Zingerle (ܙܝܢܓܠܪ), born Jacob Zingerle, was a Tyrolean Benedictine monk and leading 19th-century Syriac scholar, professor of Oriental languages at Rome's Sapienza from 1862 and translator of Ephraem the Syrian.

Pivalic acid

Pivalic acid, also called neopentanoic acid or trimethylacetic acid, is a branched five-carbon carboxylic acid, solid at room temperature, known for its sterically hindered neoacid structure and pivalate esters that resist hydrolysis.

Pivampicillin

Pivampicillin, marketed as Pondocillin, is an inactive ester prodrug of the antibiotic ampicillin that is converted to ampicillin after absorption, giving higher blood levels than ampicillin itself.

Pivot (business)

A pivot is a structured course correction in which a startup changes a fundamental hypothesis about its product, customers, or business model, coined by Eric Ries in 2009.

Pivot Bio

Pivot Bio is a privately held agricultural biotechnology company in Berkeley, California, founded in 2011, that develops nitrogen-fixing microbes to replace part of the synthetic fertilizer applied to crops like corn and wheat.