All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration, infantile-onset
Infantile-onset PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, INAD, NBIA2A) is a rare autosomal recessive NBIA disorder from PLA2G6 mutations at 22q13.1, causing psychomotor regression, hypotonia, spastic tetraparesis, cerebellar atrophy, and death usually within about ten years.
PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration, juvenile-onset
Juvenile-onset PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (juvenile PLAN, formerly atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy, ORPHA:728432) is an autosomal recessive NBIA disorder caused by PLA2G6 variants, with childhood or adolescent onset, ataxia, dystonia, visual loss, and slower progression than infantile PLAN.
PLA2G7
PLA2G7 (PAFAH, Lp-PLA2) is a human chromosome 6p12.3 gene encoding a secreted, LDL-bound phospholipase A2 that inactivates platelet-activating factor; V279F causes deficiency, and darapladib trials were negative.
PLA2R1
PLA2R1 (phospholipase A2 receptor 1) is a podocyte transmembrane receptor and the major autoantigen of primary membranous nephropathy; anti-PLA2R1 antibodies occur in 70-80% of patients and guide diagnosis and monitoring.
Plaasroman
The plaasroman (Afrikaans for farm novel) is an Afrikaans prose subgenre centered on the farm and its meaning, arising in the 1920s and 1930s amid Afrikaner nationalism.
Plabita Borthakur
Plabita Borthakur, Assamese actress and singer (born 1991, Duliajan, Assam), known as Rehana Abidi in Lipstick Under My Burkha, debut PK (2014), band Manu and Chow, Bombay Begums, Protishruti.
Plaça del Trenet
Plaça del Trenet (Parc del Trenet), Benicàssim, Castellón, Spain: a volunteer-run railway theme park and garden with a 935 m rideable miniature railway in 5 and 7¼ inch gauges, opened 2006 by the Asociación Cultural Ferrocarril de Farja; distinct from the trenet parks of Reus and Valencia.
Place and route
Place and route is the stage of integrated circuit design that assigns locations to logic cells and connects their pins with metal wires under timing, area, and power constraints.
Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville – Esplanade de la Libération
Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville – Esplanade de la Libération, formerly Place de Grève until 1803, is the Paris square facing the Hôtel de Ville in the 4th arrondissement, renamed for the Liberation of Paris and transformed into an urban forest inaugurated 21 June 2025.
Place de la Bastille
Place de la Bastille, Paris square at the junction of the 4th, 11th, and 12th arrondissements on the site of the Bastille fortress stormed 14 July 1789; dominated by the July Column (1831–1840) and bordered by the Opéra Bastille.
Place de la Concorde
Place de la Concorde: Paris's largest square (8.64 ha), built 1758–1772 as Place Louis XV by Ange-Jacques Gabriel; Revolution execution site, home of the 1836 Luxor Obelisk, Monument historique since 1937, now being redeveloped as a garden square.
Place des Arts
Place des Arts is Montreal's performing arts complex, the largest in Canada, inaugurated September 21, 1963 with Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier; six halls, about 8,000 seats, home of the OSM, Opéra de Montréal, and Les Grands Ballets.
Place des Vosges
Place des Vosges, formerly Place Royale, is Paris's oldest planned square, begun 1605 by Henri IV in the Marais; 36 arcaded pavilions, Louis XIII statue (1639), classified monument since 1954.
Place du 1er Novembre;ساحة 1 نوفمبر
Place du 1er Novembre (ساحة 1 نوفمبر) is the name of central squares in Algerian cities such as Oran, Constantine, Blida, and Béjaïa, renamed after independence to commemorate 1 November 1954, the start of the National Liberation War.
Place du Maghreb;ساحة المغرب العربي
Place du Maghreb (ساحة المغرب العربي, Square of the Arab Maghreb) is the name of public squares in Kairouan, Oran, Tangier, Oujda, and Sidi Bouzid; the Kairouan one was rehabilitated via Femmedina and inaugurated July 4, 2026.
Place names considered unusual
Place names considered unusual are toponyms that seem odd, funny, or rude, from Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch and Humpty Doo to derogatory names being renamed by bodies like the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.
Place of arms
A place of arms (French: place d'armes) is a widened part of the covered way in a fortification, where garrison troops assembled for sorties or its defense.
Place of articulation
Place of articulation (point of articulation) in phonetics: where an active articulator meets a passive one in the vocal tract. IPA places run bilabial through glottal; distinct from manner and voicing.
Place of worship
A place of worship, also called a house of worship, is a building where people gather for religious services, such as a church, mosque, temple, or synagogue.
Place Stanislas, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance in Nancy
Place Stanislas, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance, Nancy: three 18th-century squares built 1752–1756 by Emmanuel Héré for Duke Stanislas Leszczynski; UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983, criteria (i) and (iv), 7 ha property.
Place Vendôme
Place Vendôme: octagonal royal square in Paris's 1st arrondissement, begun 1685 as Place de Nos Conquêtes, redesigned by Jules Hardouin-Mansart from 1699, home of the Vendôme Column and high jewellery houses.
Place-exchange mechanism in Pt oxide formation
The place-exchange mechanism is an atomic-scale model of platinum surface oxide formation, first proposed in the 1960s, in which an adsorbed oxygen atom and a surface platinum atom exchange positions.
PLACE020 trial
PLACE020 (NCT03529266), a phase 2 single-arm trial at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, tested 2.5 mL porcine fibrin sealant (Bioseal) on cervical anastomoses during McKeown esophagectomy; 5.3% leakage in 57 patients, followed by the null PLACE030 phase III trial.
Placebo
Placebo: an inert substance with no pharmacologic activity, and the placebo and nocebo effects it reveals. Covers effect sizes, opioid and dopamine mechanisms, open-label placebos, trial ethics, and 2024–2025 findings.
Placebo (band)
Placebo are a British alternative rock band formed in London in 1994 by Brian Molko and Stefan Olsdal, known for glam aesthetics, the 1996 debut with 'Nancy Boy', platinum 'Without You I'm Nothing', and the 2026 RE:CREATED anniversary rework.
Placebo control
A placebo control is an inactive comparison group in a clinical trial, used with randomization and blinding to distinguish a drug's effect from the placebo effect.
Placebo Effect
Placebo effect: health improvement from expectation and treatment context rather than active drug action; also called placebo response. Includes nocebo (negative) counterpart, Beecher's 1955 35% estimate, Cochrane SMD −0.23, and open-label placebos.
Placebo-controlled study
A placebo-controlled study is a randomized clinical trial in which participants receive either the experimental treatment or a matched inert placebo, and the outcome difference between the two groups measures the treatment's effect.
Placeholder name
Placeholder name: a generic stand-in name such as John Doe or whatchamacallit used when a real name is unknown, forgotten, unimportant, or deliberately avoided; documented across many languages.
Placekicker
Placekicker: specialized football player who kicks field goals, extra points, and kickoffs from a held or teed ball. Soccer-style instep kicking, introduced by Pete Gogolak in 1964, replaced straight-on toe kicking.