All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2, SERPINB2) is a clade B serpin, the closest mammalian ovalbumin homologue, existing as 47-kDa intracellular and 60-kDa secreted glycosylated forms that inhibit uPA and tPA.
Plasmodium
Plasmodium: genus of Apicomplexan protozoan parasites causing malaria, transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. About 156 named species; four human parasites (falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae) plus zoonotic P. knowlesi; discovered by Laveran in 1880.
Plasmodium cynomolgi
Plasmodium cynomolgi, a simian malaria parasite and sister taxon of Plasmodium vivax, infects macaques in Southeast Asia, forms relapsing hypnozoites, and causes rare zoonotic human malaria first reported in 2014.
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest human malaria parasite, an apicomplexan protozoan transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes; treated with ACTs, prevented by RTS,S and R21 vaccines, marked by antigenic variation and drug resistance.
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium vivax, a human malaria parasite transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes; forms dormant liver hypnozoites causing relapses, invades only reticulocytes, treated with chloroquine or ACTs plus radical cure.
Plasmolysis
Plasmolysis is the separation of a plant cell's protoplast from its cell wall, caused by water loss in a hypertonic solution; it is generally reversible.
Plasmon
A plasmon is a quantum of collective plasma oscillation of free electrons in a solid, the basis of plasmonics, which concentrates optical energy below the wavelength of light.
Plasmon nanofocusing in tapered waveguides
Plasmon nanofocusing in tapered waveguides, coined by Mark Stockman in 2004, compresses surface plasmons in narrowing metal structures to focus light into nanoscale volumes below the diffraction limit.
Plasmon resonance energy transfer
Plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET) is a single-particle spectroscopy technique in which a plasmonic nanoparticle transfers energy to a nearby molecule, quenching its scattering spectrum.
Plasmon-induced hot-carrier chemistry
Plasmon-induced hot-carrier chemistry, also called plasmonic catalysis, uses energetic electrons and holes from plasmon decay in metal nanoparticles to drive redox reactions with visible light.
Plasmon-induced hot-electron catalysis
Plasmon-induced hot-electron catalysis is a form of photocatalysis where plasmon decay in metal nanoparticles produces energetic hot electrons that drive or steer chemical reactions with light.
Plasmon-induced transparency
Plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is a classical optical effect mimicking electromagnetically induced transparency, where bright and dark plasmon modes interfere to open a narrow transmission window inside a broad absorption band.
Plasmon–phonon hybridization in graphene on hBN
Plasmon–phonon hybridization in graphene on hBN is the coupling between graphene's tunable plasmon-polaritons and hexagonal boron nitride's low-loss phonon polaritons, forming hybrid mid-infrared modes, first reported in 2014.
Plasmonic bound states in the continuum
Plasmonic bound states in the continuum are localized, non-radiating optical resonances in metal-dielectric nanostructures that enable sharp resonances for lasing, sensing, and nonlinear frequency conversion.
Plasmonic catalysis
Plasmonic catalysis is a light-driven catalysis method in which plasmonically excited metal nanoparticles, usually gold, silver, copper, or aluminum, break and form chemical bonds on their surfaces.
Plasmonic color printing
Plasmonic color printing is a technique that prints color images without pigments or dyes, encoding color in metallic nanostructures and reaching roughly 100,000 dots per inch.
Plasmonic electrochromism
Plasmonic electrochromism is a form of electrochromism in which an applied electrical potential reversibly changes the localized surface plasmon resonance, and so the color, of nanomaterials.
Plasmonic electron acceleration
Plasmonic electron acceleration is a proposed accelerator method using enhanced plasmon fields in metallic nanostructures driven by lasers or beams, targeting gradients beyond conventional RF cavities.
Plasmonic enhancement of single-molecule fluorescence
Plasmonic enhancement of single-molecule fluorescence is the use of metallic nanostructures supporting localized surface plasmon resonances to amplify and detect fluorescence from individual molecules.
Plasmonic hot-electron generation
Plasmonic hot-electron generation is the production of energetic, non-equilibrium electrons when an optically excited surface plasmon in a metal nanostructure decays nonradiatively rather than emitting light.
Plasmonic lithography
Plasmonic lithography is a nanofabrication technique that uses surface plasmons, electron oscillations at metal–dielectric interfaces, to confine light and pattern features beyond the diffraction limit, with resolutions near 20 nm demonstrated.
Plasmonic metasurface
A plasmonic metasurface is an ultrathin, planar array of metallic nanostructures engineered to control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, with applications in sensing, metalenses, holograms, and nonlinear optics.
Plasmonic metasurface holography
Plasmonic metasurface holography combines holography with plasmonic metasurfaces: patterned metallic nanostructures impose subwavelength phase control, though metal loss usually limits transmission hologram efficiency to below 10%.
Plasmonic metasurfaces for beam steering
Plasmonic metasurfaces for beam steering are ultrathin metal nanostructure arrays that impose a phase gradient on light, deflecting beams to chosen directions for LIDAR and optical communications.
Plasmonic metasurfaces for wavefront shaping
Plasmonic metasurfaces for wavefront shaping are optically thin layers of metallic nanostructures, called meta-atoms, that impose designed phase, amplitude, and polarization profiles on light via surface plasmon resonances.
Plasmonic modulator
A plasmonic modulator is an on-chip electro-optic device controlling light's amplitude or phase via surface plasmon polaritons, achieving micrometer-scale footprints and bandwidths beyond 500 GHz at the cost of metal loss.
Plasmonic nanocavity
Plasmonic nanocavities are optical resonators that use localized surface plasmons in metallic nanostructures to confine light to subwavelength volumes, amplifying fields by orders of magnitude and enabling single-molecule strong coupling.
Plasmonic nanolaser
A plasmonic nanolaser is a laser that uses surface plasmons, electron oscillations at a metal surface, to fit light into cavities below the diffraction limit, first demonstrated in 2009.
Plasmonic nanopore
A plasmonic nanopore is a single-molecule sensor that combines a solid-state nanopore with a plasmonic nanoantenna, whose hotspot reads out single molecules optically as they are electrophoretically driven through the pore.
Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials
Plasmonic nanorod metamaterials are optical metamaterials of aligned metallic nanorods, typically gold rods electrodeposited in anodic alumina, with hyperbolic dispersion used for imaging, sensing, and lasing.