All articles starting with P

Polyethylene functionalization

Polyethylene functionalization is the chemical modification of polyethylene to install functional groups like ketones, alcohols, halogens, and amines, adding adhesion and wettability while preserving its bulk properties.

Polyethylene furanoate

Polyethylene furanoate (PEF), formally poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), is a 100% biobased polyester, first synthesized in 1946, developed as a renewable alternative to PET for bottles, films, and fibers.

Polyethylene glycol

Polyethylene glycol, also called polyethylene oxide, is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer of ethylene oxide used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and laxatives, and for PEGylation of protein drugs.

Polyethylene glycol loxenatide

Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-loxenatide, PEX168, brand Fulaimei 孚来美) is a once-weekly PEGylated GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exenatide, developed by Hansoh and NMPA-approved in 2019 for type 2 diabetes in China.

Polyethylene glycol treatment

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment is a conservation method that impregnates waterlogged archaeological wood with PEG, replacing water inside the cells so the wood does not crack or shrink when dried.

Polyethylene hydrogenolysis

Polyethylene hydrogenolysis is a catalytic chemical-recycling reaction that cleaves polyethylene's carbon-carbon bonds in hydrogen over metal catalysts, converting the polymer into alkane products under milder conditions than pyrolysis.

Polyethylene naphthalate

Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is a polyester thermoplastic, the higher-performance analog of PET, with a higher glass transition temperature and better gas barrier, used in barrier bottles, films, and flexible electronics.

Polyethylene oxidation

Polyethylene oxidation is the chemical conversion of polyethylene, an inert saturated polymer, into oxygen-containing products like dicarboxylic acids, using oxygen, air, or nitric acid; it enables chemical upcycling of waste plastic.

Polyethylene oxide solid electrolyte

A polyethylene oxide solid electrolyte dissolves lithium salts in poly(ethylene oxide) to conduct lithium ions, first reported in 1973 and used in Bolloré's LMP battery.

Polyethylene separator

A polyethylene separator is a microporous PE membrane in lithium-ion batteries that blocks electrode contact while letting lithium ions pass, with a thermal shutdown near 130–140 °C.

Polyethylene terephthalate

Polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET or Terylene, is a thermoplastic polyester made from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; it is the polymer most used for drink bottles and textile fibers.

Polyethylene terephthalate depolymerization

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) depolymerization is a chemical recycling process that breaks PET's ester bonds to recover terephthalic acid, DMT, and ethylene glycol for virgin-grade PET.

Polyethylene upcycling

Polyethylene upcycling is the catalytic conversion of waste polyethylene into higher-value products such as lubricants, waxes, and detergent-range alkylaromatics, targeting only a small fraction of the polymer's carbon–carbon bonds.

Polyethyleneimine

Polyethyleneimine (PEI), also called polyaziridine, is a cationic polymer of ethyleneimine units existing in branched and linear forms, widely used for DNA and RNA transfection and carbon dioxide capture.

Polyethylenimine

Polyethylenimine, also called polyaziridine or PEI, is a water-soluble cationic polymer used in nonviral gene delivery, carbon dioxide capture, and water treatment since the 1930s.

Polyeucte

Polyeucte (full title Polyeucte martyr) is a five-act Christian tragedy in verse by Pierre Corneille, premiered in Paris around 1643, dramatizing the conversion and martyrdom of an Armenian nobleman under the emperor Decius.

Oct 10, 2026

Polyeuktos

Polyeuktos (c. 900 – 970) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 956 to 970, a monk chosen by Constantine VII who imposed penance on Nikephoros II and extracted concessions from John I Tzimiskes.

Polyextremophilic archaea in astrobiology

Polyextremophilic archaea are microorganisms that grow or survive under several extremes at once, such as high salinity with radiation, making halophilic archaea leading candidates for life on Mars.

Polyfidelity

Polyfidelity is a closed form of polyamory in which three or more equal partners are romantically and sexually exclusive to the group; coined by the 1971-1991 Kerista commune of San Francisco, which also coined compersion.

Polyfluorene

Polyfluorene is a conjugated polymer of fluorene units whose soluble derivatives, such as PFO, are among the most studied blue-emitting materials for polymer light-emitting diodes, lasers, solar cells, and transistors.

PolyForm licenses

PolyForm licenses are a suite of eight standardized source-available software licenses from the PolyForm Project, first released in 2019 with restrictions such as noncommercial or internal use.

Polygala

Polygala, known commonly as milkwort, is a large nearly cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants in the milkwort family, Polygalaceae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753.

Polygalaceae

Polygalaceae, the milkwort family, is a Fabales family of about 30 genera and 1,200 species with keel-like zygomorphic flowers; largest genus Polygala (about 750 species), New World clade now genus Senega.

Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), extracellular leucine-rich repeat plant protein inhibiting fungal, bacterial, and insect polygalacturonases; cell wall defense protein used in transgenic crops.

Polygamy

Polygamy, or plural marriage, includes polygyny, polyandry, and polygynandry. A 2021 meta-analysis links it to higher depression in women and worse child psychological outcomes; legal in 93 states, mostly capped at four wives.

Polygamy in Africa

Polygamy in Africa is almost entirely polygyny, one man with multiple wives, recognized under customary, Islamic, or civil law in countries such as Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria; prevalence ranges widely (11–53% of married women) and has declined from 41% to 29% in Nigeria since 1990.

Polygamy in Christianity

Polygamy in Christianity: biblical evidence (Old Testament practice, no explicit New Testament lay ban), mainstream monogamous teaching, the Vatican's 2025 Una caro note, the 2026 SECAM African report, and churches accepting polygamy.

Polygamy in North America

Polygamy in North America is illegal in the United States and Canada but continues, mostly among Mormon fundamentalist groups, with an estimated 30,000 to 210,000 people living in plural families.