All articles starting with P
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Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro
The Portuguese court in Rio de Janeiro (Corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro) was the transfer of Portugal's monarchy to Rio de Janeiro in 1807–1808, fleeing Napoleon.
Portuguese cuisine
Portuguese cuisine: the national cooking of Portugal, Mediterranean in base and Atlantic in fish, built on bacalhau, azeite, cozido à portuguesa, regional dishes from caldo verde to cataplana, convent sweets, and cod cooked in hundreds of ways.
Portuguese decree of 1836 abolishing the slave trade south of the equator
The Portuguese decree of 10 December 1836 prohibited exporting slaves by sea or land from all Portuguese dominions, but the trade from Luanda and Benguela continued into the mid-1840s.
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (Império Português) was Portugal's overseas colonial empire from the 15th century, spanning Brazil, Africa, and Asia via the Estado da Índia; first global European empire, dissolved 1975–1999.
Portuguese escudo
The Portuguese escudo was the currency of Portugal from 1911, when it replaced the real, until 2002, when euro cash ended its circulation; it converted at 200.482 escudos per euro.
Portuguese exodus from Angola
The Portuguese exodus from Angola was the mass departure of Portuguese settlers during decolonization, with about 300,000 fleeing in 1975 and early 1976 as retornados.
Portuguese exodus from Mozambique
The Portuguese exodus from Mozambique was the mass departure of Portuguese settlers after the 1974 Carnation Revolution and the Lusaka Accord, with independence on 25 June 1975.
Portuguese exploration of Africa
Portuguese exploration of Africa was Portugal's systematic reconnaissance of the African Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts from Ceuta in 1415 to Vasco da Gama's India voyage in 1498.
Portuguese financial crisis
The Portuguese financial crisis was Portugal's 2011 loss of sovereign market access, leading to a €78 billion EU and IMF bailout with austerity that ended in June 2014.
Portuguese Football Federation
Portuguese Football Federation (FPF, Federação Portuguesa de Futebol), Portugal's football governing body, founded 1914, FIFA member 1923, UEFA founder 1954; runs national teams, EURO 2016 and 2019 Nations League winner, 2030 World Cup co-host.
Portuguese fort at Ternate
The Portuguese fort at Ternate, the Fortaleza de São João Baptista, was a fortress built on Ternate in 1522 and captured by the Sultan in 1575.
Portuguese grammar
Portuguese grammar: the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of Portuguese, first codified by Fernão de Oliveira (1536) and João de Barros (1540), with reference works by Cunha & Cintra, Bechara, and Raposo et al.
Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea (Guiné Portuguesa) was Portugal's West African colony, now Guinea-Bissau. Administered from Cape Verde until 1870, it fought the PAIGC from 1963 and gained recognized independence on 10 September 1974.
Portuguese India
Portuguese India (Estado da Índia, from 1505) comprised Goa, Daman, and Diu under Portuguese rule until India's Operation Vijay annexation on 19 December 1961, recognized by Portugal in 1975.
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental
The Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental was an 1816 military occupation of present-day Uruguay led by General Carlos Frederico Lecor, resulting in annexation in 1821.
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português), a Romance language from western Iberia's Vulgar Latin, spread worldwide from the 15th century; over 260 million speakers, official in nine CPLP countries, with European and Brazilian standards.
Portuguese Macau
Portuguese Macau (Macau): European-administered territory on China's Pearl River estuary from the 1550s until the 20 December 1999 handover; defined by the ambiguous 1887 treaty, the 1987 Joint Declaration, and a lasting Portuguese civil-law legacy.
Portuguese man o' war
Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis), also called bluebottle relative, is a colonial siphonophore hydrozoan, not a jellyfish, with a wind-driven float, 30 m stinging tentacles, and four recognized Physalia species since 2025.
Portuguese migration to Guyana and Trinidad
Portuguese migration to Guyana and Trinidad brought about 40,000 laborers, mostly from Madeira, to British Guiana and Trinidad between 1834 and 1975, after the abolition of slavery.
Portuguese military expedition to Ethiopia
The Portuguese military expedition to Ethiopia was a force of about 400 soldiers who landed at Massawa in 1541 to help Emperor Galawdewos fight Imam Ahmad of Adal.
Portuguese Modernism
Portuguese Modernism (Modernismo português) is the literary and artistic movement that renewed Portuguese culture in the early 20th century, conventionally dated from the 1915 Lisbon review Orpheu.
Portuguese Mozambique
Portuguese Mozambique: Portugal's southeast African territory from the 1505 Sofala post to independence on 25 June 1975, marked by concession-company rule, chibalo forced labor until 1961–2, and FRELIMO's liberation war.
Portuguese name
Portuguese name: the naming system of Portugal, given names (nomes próprios) plus family names (apelidos), legally capped at six vocábulos with two given names, historically built on patronymics, nicknames, and place names, and spread through Brazil and the Lusophone world.
Portuguese Navy
The Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa) is the naval branch of Portugal's armed forces, responsible for military operations at sea, search and rescue, and a founding member of NATO.
Portuguese Neo-Realism
Portuguese Neo-Realism (Neo-Realismo português) was a Marxist-inspired literary movement in Portugal, active from the late 1930s to the late 1950s and opposed to the Salazarist Estado Novo regime.
Portuguese penetration of the Mutapa court
Portuguese penetration of the Mutapa court was Portuguese traders', missionaries', and diplomats' influence on the Shona Mutapa state (Monomotapa), between the Zambezi and Limpopo, until 1695.
Portuguese people
Portuguese people: nation/ethnic group of Portugal; ~11.4 million residents (14% foreign); 1143 kingdom; genetically diverse Iberian population with African ancestry signals; large diaspora.
Portuguese phonology
Portuguese phonology: sound system of Portuguese, studied via European and Brazilian varieties. Seven-vowel stressed system, phonemic nasal vowels, EP vowel reduction and compressed rhythm, BP palatalization of /t d/ and coda /l/ vocalization.
Portuguese Realism
Portuguese Realism (Realismo português) was a literary movement in 19th-century Portugal that rejected Romanticism in favor of objective reality, led by novelist Eça de Queirós.
Portuguese Restoration War
Portuguese Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração), 1640-1668: Portugal's war of independence from Habsburg Spain, ending with recognition of John IV's Bragança dynasty via the 1661 English alliance and 1668 peace.