All articles starting with P
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Posthumous execution
Posthumous execution is punishment inflicted on the already dead: Roman damnatio memoriae, Egyptian erasures, medieval burning of heretics' corpses, and England's Murder Act 1752 dissections.
Posthumous name system (shifa)
The posthumous name system (shifa, 谥法) is the Chinese practice of assigning rulers names after death that judged their conduct, traditionally attributed to the Duke of Zhou.
Posthumous reckoning after Empress Dowager Liu (1033–1034)
The posthumous reckoning after Empress Dowager Liu (刘太后身后清算) was the 1033 sequence by which Song Emperor Renzong honored his birth mother, Consort Li, and dismissed the regent's chief clients.
Posthumous sperm retrieval
Posthumous sperm retrieval (PSR, PMSR) extracts sperm from dying or deceased men for later conception. First reported 1980; viable up to 3 days postmortem; consent and legality vary by country.
Postictal state
The postictal state, also called the postictal phase, is the temporary period of confusion and other symptoms that follows an epileptic seizure, lasting minutes to days.
Postinfectious arthropathies
Postinfectious arthropathies (ICD-11 FA12) are joint disorders following infection elsewhere in the body, subdivided into bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic forms, distinct from reactive arthropathies and septic arthritis.
Postinfectious cerebellitis
Postinfectious cerebellitis (acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia, PIC, ORPHA:624244) is an immune-mediated cerebellar inflammation after infection, mainly varicella in children and EBV or mycoplasma in adults, causing acute ataxia that usually resolves fully.
Postinfectious vasculitis
Postinfectious vasculitis (ORPHA:48435, ICD-10 I77.6) is vessel-wall inflammation following viral or bacterial infection, mainly CMV, VZV, HIV, parvovirus B19, and hepatitis B or C, treated with antivirals rather than immunosuppression.
Postinflammatory hypomelanosis
Postinflammatory hypomelanosis, or postinflammatory hypopigmentation, is acquired partial or total skin pigment loss after inflammation, injury, or procedures; more visible in darker skin, usually resolving spontaneously within weeks to months.
Posting rule
Posting rule (mailbox rule): contract-law doctrine from Adams v Lindsell (1818) under which a posted acceptance forms a contract on dispatch, not receipt; excluded for option contracts, stipulated-receipt offers, and instantaneous media.
Postlaminectomy kyphosis
Postlaminectomy kyphosis (ICD-11 FC01.3) is a forward spinal deformity after laminectomy, the leading iatrogenic cervical kyphosis; caused by posterior tension-band loss, affecting 21% of adults and 37-100% of children after multilevel surgery.
Postman
Postman is a privately held software company founded in Bangalore, India in 2014 and headquartered in San Francisco that builds a collaboration platform for designing, testing, and documenting APIs.
Postman Pat
Postman Pat: British stop-motion children's TV series about postman Pat Clifton, his cat Jess, and Greendale village; created by John Cunliffe and Ivor Wood, first aired on BBC One in 1981, later revived, spun off, and adapted into a 2014 film.
Postmark
A postmark is a postal marking recording where and when mail was processed, often combined with the cancellation that defaces a stamp so it cannot be reused.
Postmastectomy radiotherapy
Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is external-beam radiation to the chest wall and regional nodes after mastectomy, recommended for most node-positive breast cancer patients to reduce recurrence and improve survival.
Postmaster
A postmaster is the manager in charge of a post office's operations, a role defined in United States law and, in the UK, a contracted agent of Post Office Ltd.
Postmates
Postmates was an American on-demand delivery company, founded in San Francisco in 2011, that used independent contractor couriers and was acquired by Uber in December 2020.
Postmaturity syndrome
Postmaturity syndrome (dysmaturity syndrome, Clifford syndrome, ICD-11 KA22.3) affects infants born at or after 42 weeks who show placental-insufficiency signs: peeling skin, long meconium-stained nails, wasting, hypoglycemia, and meconium aspiration risk.
Postmen in the Mountains (那山、那人、那狗)
Postmen in the Mountains (那山、那人、那狗) is a 1999 Chinese drama directed by Huo Jianqi, adapted from Peng Jianming's short story, about a retiring Hunan mountain postman and his son. A domestic flop that became a record-breaking hit in Japan and won Golden Rooster Best Picture.
Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis
Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis is thinning and inflammation of the vaginal tissues caused by declining estrogen after menopause, now grouped under genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).
Postmenopausal osteopenia
Postmenopausal osteopenia (閉経後骨減少症, ICD-11 FB83.01) is low bone density in women after menopause, T-score −1.0 to −2.5 on DXA, managed by fracture-risk assessment, lifestyle measures, and individualized drug therapy.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, the most common primary osteoporosis, caused by postmenopausal estrogen deficiency driving RANKL-mediated bone resorption; diagnosed by DXA T-score ≤ −2.5 or fragility fracture, treated first with bisphosphonates.
Postmenopausal uterine bleeding
Postmenopausal uterine bleeding (PMB) is abnormal bleeding 12+ months after the last menstrual period. Most cases stem from genitourinary atrophy (60%), but about 10% signal endometrial cancer; ACOG 2026 recommends combined ultrasound and biopsy.
Postmenopause
Postmenopause: the life stage after menopause, dated 12 months after the final menstrual period, typically from about age 51, marked by estrogen loss, bone loss, and differing hormone therapy risk profiles.
Postmillennialism
Postmillennialism, or postmillennial eschatology, is a Christian view holding that Christ returns after a millennium in which the gospel wins most of humanity to faith.
Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture, or architectural post-modernism, is a style emerging in the 1960s against modernism, prevalent between about 1975 and 1990, known for ornament, historical reference, and symbolism.
Postmodern art
Postmodern art, also called postmodernist art, is art shaped by postmodernism from the late 1950s onward: anti-authoritarian, eclectic, ironic, mixing high and popular culture. Key figures include Warhol, Sherman, LeWitt, Weiner; theorists Lyotard, Baudrillard, Jencks, Jameson.
Postmodern Jukebox
Postmodern Jukebox, also known as Scott Bradlee's Postmodern Jukebox, is an American rotating musical collective founded by pianist Scott Bradlee in 2010 that covers pop hits in vintage styles.
Postmodern literature
Postmodern literature is post-World War II writing defined against modernism, marked by metafiction, irony, pastiche, and skepticism toward grand narratives; key theorists include Lyotard, Hassan, Hutcheon, and McHale.
Postmodern music
Postmodern music: late 20th-century music engaging postmodern aesthetics, defined by collage, quotation, style mixing, and listener-centered meaning; central writers include Jonathan Kramer, Lyotard, and John Caldwell.